--- title: Joshua 12:3 — and the Arabah unto the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and unto the se… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and the Arabah unto the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and unto the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward, the way to Beth-jeshimoth; and on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah; Joshua 12:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/12/) / 12:3 # Joshua 12:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ This is Joshua 12:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָעֲרָבָה֩ עַד־יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת מִזְרָ֗חָה וְ֠עַד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֤ה יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת וּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ן תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ [and the Arabah unto the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and unto the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward, the way to Beth-jeshimoth; and on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.292/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:281 # text = וְהָעֲרָבָה֩ עַד־יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת מִזְרָ֗חָה וְ֠עַד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֤ה יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת וּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ן תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ # verse = JOS.12.3 1-3 וְהָעֲרָבָה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:3!1|MId=o060120030011|Strong=2050b 2 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_12:3!1|MId=o060120030012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 עֲרָבָה֩ עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=Arabah|Ref=JOS_12:3!1|MId=o060120030013|Strong=6160 4 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_12:3!2|MId=o060120030021|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 5 יָ֨ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=JOS_12:3!3|MId=o060120030031|Strong=3220 6 כִּנְר֜וֹת כִּנֶּרֶת PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kinnereth|Ref=JOS_12:3!4|MId=o060120030041|Strong=3672 7-8 מִזְרָ֗חָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִזְרָ֗ח מִזְרָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Gloss=eastward|Ref=JOS_12:3!5|MId=o060120030051|Strong=4217 8 ָה ה X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_12:3!5|MId=o060120030052|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 9-10 וְ֠עַד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:3!6|MId=o060120030061|Strong=2050b 10 עַד עַד ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_12:3!6|MId=o060120030062|Strong=5704 11 יָ֣ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=JOS_12:3!7|MId=o060120030071|Strong=3220 12-13 הָעֲרָבָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_12:3!8|MId=o060120030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עֲרָבָ֤ה עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Arabah|Ref=JOS_12:3!8|MId=o060120030082|Strong=6160 14 יָם־ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=the.Sea|Ref=JOS_12:3!9|MId=o060120030091|Strong=3220|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_12:3!10|MId=o060120030101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מֶּ֙לַח֙ מֶלַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Salt|Ref=JOS_12:3!10|MId=o060120030102|Strong=4417 17-18 מִזְרָ֔חָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִזְרָ֔ח מִזְרָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=eastward|Ref=JOS_12:3!11|MId=o060120030111|Strong=4217 18 ָה ה X _ _ 17 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_12:3!11|MId=o060120030112|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 19 דֶּ֖רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.direction|Ref=JOS_12:3!12|MId=o060120030121|Strong=1870 20 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_12:3!13|MId=o060120030131 21 הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת הַיְשִׁמֹות PROPN _ _ 20 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_12:3!13 22 בֵּ֣ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Beth.Jeshimoth|Ref=JOS_12:3!14|MId=o060120030141 23 הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת הַיְשִׁימוֹת PROPN _ _ 22 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_12:3!14 24-26 וּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:3!15|MId=o060120030151|Strong=2050b 25 מִ֨ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_12:3!15|MId=o060120030152|Strong=4480 26 תֵּימָ֔ן תֵּימָן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=south|Ref=JOS_12:3!15|MId=o060120030153|Strong=8486 27 תַּ֖חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=JOS_12:3!16|MId=o060120030161|Strong=8478 28 אַשְׁדּ֥וֹת אָשֵׁד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.slopes|Ref=JOS_12:3!17|MId=o060120030171|Strong=0798 29-30 הַפִּסְגָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_12:3!18|MId=o060120030181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 פִּסְגָּֽה פִּסְגָּה PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Pisgah|Ref=JOS_12:3!18|MId=o060120030182|Strong=6449 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JOS_12:3!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no MACULA marks no verb frame in this verse. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמֵישְׁרָא עַד יַם גִינוֹסַר מַדִינְחָא וְעַד יַמָא דְמֵישְׁרָא יַמָא דְמִלְחָא מַדִינְחָא אוֹרַח בֵּית יְשִׁמוֹת וּמִדָרוֹמָא תְּחוֹת מַשְׁפַּךְ מֵרָמָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and the Arabah unto the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and unto the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward, the way to Beth-jeshimoth; and on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.292/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:281`. - ← previous: [Joshua 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.2/) - next →: [Joshua 12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.4/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/12/)