--- title: Joshua 12:7 — And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the bare mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions; Who acts --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/12/) / 12:7 # Joshua 12:7 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** these, Joshua, bare mountain · **What happens:** be, smite, go up, give · **To what, where:** kings, Baal, Seir, mountain This is Joshua 12:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — these, Joshua, bare mountain — and what happens in the verse to kings, Baal, Seir, mountain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֵ֣לֶּה מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֡רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יָ֔מָּה מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד־הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק הָעֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֑ירָה וַיִּתְּנָ֨הּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לְשִׁבְטֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרֻשָּׁ֖ה כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ [And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the bare mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.296/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:285 # text = וְאֵ֣לֶּה מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֡רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יָ֔מָּה מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד־הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק הָעֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֑ירָה וַיִּתְּנָ֨הּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לְשִׁבְטֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרֻשָּׁ֖ה כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.12.7 1-2 וְאֵ֣לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:7!1|MId=o060120070011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵ֣לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=these|Ref=JOS_12:7!1|MId=o060120070012|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 3 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].the.kings|Ref=JOS_12:7!2|MId=o060120070021|Strong=4428 4-5 הָאָ֡רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_12:7!3|MId=o060120070031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אָ֡רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JOS_12:7!3|MId=o060120070032|Strong=0776 6 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=JOS_12:7!4|MId=o060120070041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 הִכָּ֨ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.defeated|Ref=JOS_12:7!5|MId=o060120070051|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060120070061;060120070072;A0:060120070021;|Type=qatal 8 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_12:7!6|MId=o060120070061|Strong=3091 9-10 וּבְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:7!7|MId=o060120070071|Strong=2050b 10 בְנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_12:7!7|MId=o060120070072|Strong=1121 11 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_12:7!8|MId=o060120070081|Strong=3478 12-13 בְּעֵ֤בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_12:7!9|MId=o060120070091|Strong=0871a 13 עֵ֤בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_12:7!9|MId=o060120070092|Strong=5676 14-15 הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_12:7!10|MId=o060120070101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יַּרְדֵּן֙ יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_12:7!10|MId=o060120070102|Strong=3383 16-17 יָ֔מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יָ֔מּ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nmod _ Gloss=westward|Ref=JOS_12:7!11|MId=o060120070111|Strong=3220 17 ָה ה X _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_12:7!11|MId=o060120070112|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 18-19 מִבַּ֤עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_12:7!12|MId=o060120070121|Strong=4480 19 בַּ֤עַל בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ Gloss=Baal|Ref=JOS_12:7!12|MId=o060120070122 20 גָּד֙ גָּד PROPN _ _ 19 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_12:7!12 21 בַּ֤עַל בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=Gad|Ref=JOS_12:7!13|MId=o060120070131 22 גָּד֙ גָּד PROPN _ _ 21 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_12:7!13 23-24 בְּבִקְעַ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_12:7!14|MId=o060120070141|Strong=0871a 24 בִקְעַ֣ת בִּקְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nmod _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=JOS_12:7!14|MId=o060120070142|Strong=1237 25-26 הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_12:7!15|MId=o060120070151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 לְּבָנ֔וֹן לְבָנוֹן PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lebanon|Ref=JOS_12:7!15|MId=o060120070152|Strong=3844 27-28 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:7!16|MId=o060120070161|Strong=2050b 28 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_12:7!16|MId=o060120070162|Strong=5704 29-30 הָהָ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_12:7!17|MId=o060120070171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 הָ֥ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=JOS_12:7!17|MId=o060120070172|Strong=2022 31-32 הֶחָלָ֖ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_12:7!18|MId=o060120070181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 חָלָ֖ק חָלָק ADJ _ _ 30 amod _ Gloss=Halak|Ref=JOS_12:7!18|MId=o060120070182|Strong=2510 33-34 הָעֹלֶ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=[which].goes|Ref=JOS_12:7!19|MId=o060120070191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 עֹלֶ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 30 acl:relcl _ Gloss=up|Ref=JOS_12:7!19|MId=o060120070192|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060120070162;|Type=participle_active 35-36 שֵׂעִ֑ירָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 שֵׂעִ֑יר שֵׂעִיר PROPN _ _ 34 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_12:7!20|MId=o060120070201|Strong=8165 36 ָה ה X _ _ 35 nmod _ Gloss=Seir|Ref=JOS_12:7!20|MId=o060120070202|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 37-39 וַיִּתְּנָ֨הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_12:7!21|MId=o060120070211|Strong=2050b 38 יִּתְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_12:7!21|MId=o060120070212|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:060120070203;A0:060120070211;|Type=wayyiqtol 39 ָ֨הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=gave.it|Ref=JOS_12:7!21|MId=o060120070213|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 40 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 38 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_12:7!22|MId=o060120070221|Strong=3091 41-42 לְשִׁבְטֵ֧י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_12:7!23|MId=o060120070231|Strong=3807a 42 שִׁבְטֵ֧י שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 obl _ Gloss=the.tribes|Ref=JOS_12:7!23|MId=o060120070232|Strong=7626 43 יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_12:7!24|MId=o060120070241|Strong=3478 44 יְרֻשָּׁ֖ה יְרֻשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 xcomp _ Gloss=a.possession|Ref=JOS_12:7!25|MId=o060120070251|Strong=3425 45-47 כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=JOS_12:7!26|MId=o060120070261|Strong=3509a 46 מַחְלְקֹת מַחֲלֹקֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 38 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_12:7!26|MId=o060120070262|Strong=4256 47 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.divisions|Ref=JOS_12:7!26|MId=o060120070263|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=JOS_12:7!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִכָּה *he defeated* | qatal · hiphil | מַלְכֵי *\[are\] the kings* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + בְנֵי *the people* | | עֹלֶה *up* | participle active · qal | עַד־ *to* | | | | | יִּתְּנ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִלֵין מַלְכֵי אַרְעָא דִי מְחָא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעִבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא מַעַרְבָא מִמֵישַׁר גָד בְּבִקְעַת לִבְנָן וְעַד טוּרָא פְלִיגָא דְסָלִיק לְשֵׂעִיר וְיַהֲבָהּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְשִׁבְטָא יִשְׂרָאֵל יְרוּתָא כְּפַלְגוּתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And these are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the children of Israel smote beyond the Jordan westward, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the bare mountain, that goeth up to Seir; and Joshua gave it unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.296/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:285`. - ← previous: [Joshua 12:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.6/) - next →: [Joshua 12:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.12.8/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/12/)