--- title: Joshua 13:16 — And their border was from Aroer, that is on the edge of the valley o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And their border was from Aroer, that is on the edge of the valley of Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the valley, and all the table-land by Medeba; Who acts: border, Aroer, city. Joshua 13:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.13.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/13/) / 13:16 # Joshua 13:16 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** border, Aroer, city · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Aroer, edge, middle This is Joshua 13:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border, Aroer, city — and what happens in the verse to Aroer, edge, middle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֜ם הַגְּב֗וּל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל־הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר עַל־מֵידְבָֽא׃ [And their border was from Aroer, that is on the edge of the valley of Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the valley, and all the table-land by Medeba;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.330/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:318 # text = וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֜ם הַגְּב֗וּל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל־הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר עַל־מֵידְבָֽא׃ # verse = JOS.13.16 1-2 וַיְהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_13:16!1|MId=o060130160011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֨י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.belonged|Ref=JOS_13:16!1|MId=o060130160012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060130160032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_13:16!2|MId=o060130160021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_13:16!2|MId=o060130160022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 הַגְּב֗וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_13:16!3|MId=o060130160031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 גְּב֗וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=territory|Ref=JOS_13:16!3|MId=o060130160032|Strong=1366 7-8 מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_13:16!4|MId=o060130160041|Strong=4480 8 עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר עֲרֹועֵר PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Aroer|Ref=JOS_13:16!4|MId=o060130160042|Strong=6177 9 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_13:16!5|MId=o060130160051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=JOS_13:16!6|MId=o060130160061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 11 שְׂפַת־ שָׂפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.edge|Ref=JOS_13:16!7|MId=o060130160071|Strong=8193|SpaceAfter=No 12 נַ֨חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.wadi|Ref=JOS_13:16!8|MId=o060130160081|Strong=5158 13 אַרְנ֜וֹן אַרְנוֹן PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Arnon|Ref=JOS_13:16!9|MId=o060130160091|Strong=0769 14-16 וְהָעִ֨יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_13:16!10|MId=o060130160101|Strong=2050b 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_13:16!10|MId=o060130160102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עִ֨יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_13:16!10|MId=o060130160103|Strong=5892 17 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_13:16!11|MId=o060130160111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18-19 בְּתוֹךְ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=JOS_13:16!12|MId=o060130160121|Strong=0871a 19 תוֹךְ־ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_13:16!12|MId=o060130160122|Strong=8432 20-21 הַנַּ֛חַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_13:16!13|MId=o060130160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 נַּ֛חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=JOS_13:16!13|MId=o060130160132|Strong=5158 22-23 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_13:16!14|MId=o060130160141|Strong=2050b 23 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_13:16!14|MId=o060130160142|Strong=3605 24-25 הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_13:16!15|MId=o060130160151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מִּישֹׁ֖ר מִישׁוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=plain|Ref=JOS_13:16!15|MId=o060130160152|Strong=4334 26 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_13:16!16|MId=o060130160161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 27 מֵידְבָֽא מֵידְבָא PROPN _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=Medeba|Ref=JOS_13:16!17|MId=o060130160171|Strong=4311|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_13:16!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהִי *it belonged* | wayyiqtol · qal | גְּבוּל *territory* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה לְהוֹן תְּחוּמָא מֵעֲרוֹעֵר דִי עַל כֵּיף נַחֲלָא דְאַרְנוֹן וְקַרְתָּא דִי בְגוֹ נַחֲלָא וְכָל מֵישְׁרָא עַד מֵידְבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And their border was from Aroer, that is on the edge of the valley of Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the valley, and all the table-land by Medeba;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.330/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:318`. - ← previous: [Joshua 13:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.13.15/) - next →: [Joshua 13:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.13.17/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/13/)