--- title: Joshua 15:3 — And it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed alon… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea, and passed along by Hezron, and went up to Addar, and turned about to Karka. Who acts: border. Joshua 15:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/15/) / 15:3 # Joshua 15:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** border · **What happens:** go out, pass along, go up, turn about · **To what, where:** Zin, Addar, Karka This is Joshua 15:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border — and what happens in the verse to Zin, Addar, Karka, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְ֠יָצָא אֶל־מִנֶּ֜גֶב לְמַעֲלֵ֤ה עַקְרַבִּים֙ וְעָ֣בַר צִ֔נָה וְעָלָ֥ה מִנֶּ֖גֶב לְקָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ קָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ וְעָבַ֤ר חֶצְרוֹן֙ וְעָלָ֣ה אַדָּ֔רָה וְנָסַ֖ב הַקַּרְקָֽעָה׃ [And it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea, and passed along by Hezron, and went up to Addar, and turned about to Karka.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.367/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:353 # text = וְ֠יָצָא אֶל־מִנֶּ֜גֶב לְמַעֲלֵ֤ה עַקְרַבִּים֙ וְעָ֣בַר צִ֔נָה וְעָלָ֥ה מִנֶּ֖גֶב לְקָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ קָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ וְעָבַ֤ר חֶצְרוֹן֙ וְעָלָ֣ה אַדָּ֔רָה וְנָסַ֖ב הַקַּרְקָֽעָה׃ # verse = JOS.15.3 1-2 וְ֠יָצָא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:3!1|MId=o060150030011|Strong=2050b 2 יָצָא יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.goes.out|Ref=JOS_15:3!1|MId=o060150030012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:3!2|MId=o060150030021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 מִנֶּ֜גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_15:3!3|MId=o060150030031|Strong=4480 5 נֶּ֜גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=south|Ref=JOS_15:3!3|MId=o060150030032|Strong=5045 6-7 לְמַעֲלֵ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=JOS_15:3!4|MId=o060150030041|Strong=3807a 7 מַעֲלֵ֤ה מַעֲלֵה־עַקְרַבִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Gloss=ascent|Ref=JOS_15:3!4|MId=o060150030042|Strong=4608 8 עַקְרַבִּים֙ מַעֲלֵה־עַקְרַבִּים PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.scorpions|Ref=JOS_15:3!5|MId=o060150030051|Strong=6137 9-10 וְעָ֣בַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:3!6|MId=o060150030061|Strong=2050b 10 עָ֣בַר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.passes.on|Ref=JOS_15:3!6|MId=o060150030062|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 11-12 צִ֔נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 צִ֔נ צִן PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:3!7|MId=o060150030071|Strong=6790 12 ָה ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=Zin|Ref=JOS_15:3!7|MId=o060150030072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 13-14 וְעָלָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:3!8|MId=o060150030081|Strong=2050b 14 עָלָ֥ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.goes.up|Ref=JOS_15:3!8|MId=o060150030082|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 15-16 מִנֶּ֖גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_15:3!9|MId=o060150030091|Strong=4480 16 נֶּ֖גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=south|Ref=JOS_15:3!9|MId=o060150030092|Strong=5045 17-18 לְקָדֵ֣שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_15:3!10|MId=o060150030101|Strong=3807a 18 קָדֵ֣שׁ קָדֵשׁ PROPN _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=Kadesh|Ref=JOS_15:3!10|MId=o060150030102 19 בַּרְנֵ֑עַ בַּרְנֵעַ PROPN _ _ 18 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_15:3!10 20 קָדֵ֣שׁ קָדֵשׁ PROPN _ _ 18 nmod _ Gloss=Barnea|Ref=JOS_15:3!11|MId=o060150030111 21 בַּרְנֵ֑עַ בַּרְנֵעַ PROPN _ _ 20 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_15:3!11 22-23 וְעָבַ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:3!12|MId=o060150030121|Strong=2050b 23 עָבַ֤ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.passes.on|Ref=JOS_15:3!12|MId=o060150030122|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 24 חֶצְרוֹן֙ חֶצְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Hezron|Ref=JOS_15:3!13|MId=o060150030131|Strong=2696a 25-26 וְעָלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:3!14|MId=o060150030141|Strong=2050b 26 עָלָ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.goes.up|Ref=JOS_15:3!14|MId=o060150030142|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 27-28 אַדָּ֔רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אַדָּ֔ר אַדָּר PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:3!15|MId=o060150030151|Strong=0146a 28 ָה ה X _ _ 27 nmod _ Gloss=Addar|Ref=JOS_15:3!15|MId=o060150030152|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 29-30 וְנָסַ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:3!16|MId=o060150030161|Strong=2050b 30 נָסַ֖ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.turns|Ref=JOS_15:3!16|MId=o060150030162|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 31-33 הַקַּרְקָֽעָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:3!17|MId=o060150030171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 קַּרְקָֽע קַרְקַע PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_15:3!17|MId=o060150030172|Strong=7173 33 ָה ה X _ _ 32 nmod _ Gloss=Karka|Ref=JOS_15:3!17|MId=o060150030173|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JOS_15:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָצָא *it goes out* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָבַר *it passes on* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָלָה *it goes up* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָבַר *it passes on* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָלָה *it goes up* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נָסַב *it turns* | qatal · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְנָפַק לְמִדָרוֹמָא לְמַסְקָנָא דְעַקְרַבִּין וַעֲבַר לְצִין וּסְלֵיק מִדָרוֹמָא לִרְקַם גֵיאָה וַעֲבַר לְחֶצְרוֹן וּסְלֵיק לְאַדָר וּמִסְתְּחַר לְקַרְקָעָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea, and passed along by Hezron, and went up to Addar, and turned about to Karka.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.367/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:353`. - ← previous: [Joshua 15:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.2/) - next →: [Joshua 15:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.4/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/15/)