--- title: Joshua 15:4 — And it passed along to Azmon, and went out at the Brook of Egypt; an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it passed along to Azmon, and went out at the Brook of Egypt; and the goings out of the border were at the sea; this shall be your south border. Who acts: border, goings, this. Joshua 15:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/15/) / 15:4 # Joshua 15:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** border, goings, this · **What happens:** pass along, go out, be · **To what, where:** Azmon, Brook, sea, south border This is Joshua 15:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border, goings, this — and what happens in the verse to Azmon, Brook, sea, south border, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעָבַ֣ר עַצְמ֗וֹנָה וְיָצָא֙ נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת הַגְּב֖וּל יָ֑מָּה זֶה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ [And it passed along to Azmon, and went out at the Brook of Egypt; and the goings out of the border were at the sea; this shall be your south border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.368/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:354 # text = וְעָבַ֣ר עַצְמ֗וֹנָה וְיָצָא֙ נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת הַגְּב֖וּל יָ֑מָּה זֶה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ # verse = JOS.15.4 1-2 וְעָבַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:4!1|MId=o060150040011|Strong=2050b 2 עָבַ֣ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.passes.on|Ref=JOS_15:4!1|MId=o060150040012|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 3-4 עַצְמ֗וֹנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עַצְמ֗וֹנ עַצְמוֹן PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:4!2|MId=o060150040021|Strong=6111 4 ָה ה X _ _ 3 nmod _ Gloss=Azmon|Ref=JOS_15:4!2|MId=o060150040022|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 5-6 וְיָצָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:4!3|MId=o060150040031|Strong=2050b 6 יָצָא֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.goes.out|Ref=JOS_15:4!3|MId=o060150040032|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060150020031;|Type=qatal 7 נַ֣חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=JOS_15:4!4|MId=o060150040041|Strong=5158 8 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=JOS_15:4!5|MId=o060150040051|Strong=4714 9-10 וְהָי֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:4!7|MId=o060150040071|Strong=2050b 10 הָי֛וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 cop _ Gloss=they.are|Ref=JOS_15:4!7|MId=o060150040072|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060150040081;|Type=qatal 11 תֹּצְא֥וֹת תֹּוצָאֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Gloss=the.extremities|Ref=JOS_15:4!8|MId=o060150040081|Strong=8444 12-13 הַגְּב֖וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_15:4!9|MId=o060150040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 גְּב֖וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.territory|Ref=JOS_15:4!9|MId=o060150040092|Strong=1366 14-15 יָ֑מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יָ֑מּ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=westward|Ref=JOS_15:4!10|MId=o060150040101|Strong=3220 15 ָה ה X _ _ 14 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_15:4!10|MId=o060150040102|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 16 זֶה־ זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_15:4!11|MId=o060150040111|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 17 יִהְיֶ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JOS_15:4!12|MId=o060150040121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060150040111;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 לָכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_15:4!13|MId=o060150040131|Strong=3807a 19 ָכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_15:4!13|MId=o060150040132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 20 גְּב֥וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=border|Ref=JOS_15:4!14|MId=o060150040141|Strong=1366 21 נֶֽגֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].south|Ref=JOS_15:4!15|MId=o060150040151|Strong=5045|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JOS_15:4!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָבַר *it passes on* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יָצָא *it goes out* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הָיוּ *they are* | qatal · qal | תֹּצְאוֹת *the extremities* | | | | | יִהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | זֶה־ *this* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲבַר לְעַצְמוֹן וְנָפֵק לְנַחְלָא דְמִצְרַיִם וַהֲווֹ מַפְקָנוֹהִי דִתְחוּמָא לְמַעֲרָבָה דֵין יְהֵא לְכוֹן תְּחוּם דָרוֹמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it passed along to Azmon, and went out at the Brook of Egypt; and the goings out of the border were at the sea; this shall be your south border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.368/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:354`. - ← previous: [Joshua 15:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.3/) - next →: [Joshua 15:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/15/)