--- title: Joshua 15:8 — And the border went up by the Valley of the son of Hinnom unto the s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the border went up by the Valley of the son of Hinnom unto the side of the Jebusite southward — the same is Jerusalem — and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the Valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the uttermost part of the vale of Rephaim northward. Who acts: bo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/15/) / 15:8 # Joshua 15:8 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** border, same, mountain, Valley · **What happens:** go up, be, lie · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, Valley, uttermost part This is Joshua 15:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border, same, mountain, Valley — and what happens in the verse to Jerusalem, Valley, uttermost part, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל גֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם גֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗םגֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶב הִ֖יא יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵ֤י גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ יָ֔מָּה אֲשֶׁ֛ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים צָפֹֽנָה׃ [And the border went up by the Valley of the son of Hinnom unto the side of the Jebusite southward — the same is Jerusalem — and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the Valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the uttermost part of the vale of Rephaim northward.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.373/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:358 # text = וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל גֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם גֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗םגֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶב הִ֖יא יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵ֤י גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ יָ֔מָּה אֲשֶׁ֛ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים צָפֹֽנָה׃ # verse = JOS.15.8 1-2 וְעָלָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:8!1|MId=o060150080011|Strong=2050b 2 עָלָ֨ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.goes.up|Ref=JOS_15:8!1|MId=o060150080012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060150080022;|Type=qatal 3-4 הַגְּב֜וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_15:8!2|MId=o060150080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 גְּב֜וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=border|Ref=JOS_15:8!2|MId=o060150080022|Strong=1366 5 גֵּ֣י גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 dep _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=JOS_15:8!3|MId=o060150080031 6 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם _ NOUN _ _ 5 flat _ Ref=JOS_15:8!3 7 גֵּ֣י בֶּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 dep _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_15:8!4|MId=o060150080041 8-9 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗םגֵּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם הִנֹּם NOUN _ _ 7 flat _ Ref=JOS_15:8!4 9 גֵּ֣י הִנֹּם PROPN _ _ 2 dep _ Gloss=Ben.Hinnom|Ref=JOS_15:8!5|MId=o060150080051 10 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֗ם _ PROPN _ _ 9 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_15:8!5 11 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:8!6|MId=o060150080061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 12 כֶּ֤תֶף כָּתֵף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.slope|Ref=JOS_15:8!7|MId=o060150080071|Strong=3802 13-14 הַיְבוּסִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_15:8!8|MId=o060150080081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יְבוּסִי֙ יְבוּסִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jebusite[s]|Ref=JOS_15:8!8|MId=o060150080082|Strong=2983|Type=gentilic 15-16 מִנֶּ֔גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_15:8!9|MId=o060150080091|Strong=4480 16 נֶּ֔גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ Gloss=south|Ref=JOS_15:8!9|MId=o060150080092|Strong=5045 17 הִ֖יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_15:8!10|MId=o060150080101|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 18 יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 12 acl _ Gloss=[is].Jerusalem|Ref=JOS_15:8!11|MId=o060150080111|Strong=3389 19-20 וְעָלָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_15:8!12|MId=o060150080121|Strong=2050b 20 עָלָ֨ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.goes.up|Ref=JOS_15:8!12|MId=o060150080122|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060150080112;|Type=qatal 21-22 הַגְּב֜וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_15:8!13|MId=o060150080131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 גְּב֜וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=border|Ref=JOS_15:8!13|MId=o060150080132|Strong=1366 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_15:8!14|MId=o060150080141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.top|Ref=JOS_15:8!15|MId=o060150080151|Strong=7218 25-26 הָהָ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_15:8!16|MId=o060150080161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 הָ֗ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=JOS_15:8!16|MId=o060150080162|Strong=2022 27 אֲ֠שֶׁר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_15:8!17|MId=o060150080171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=JOS_15:8!18|MId=o060150080181|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 29 פְּנֵ֤י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 26 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=JOS_15:8!19|MId=o060150080191|Strong=6440 30-31 גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_15:8!20|MId=o060150080201 31 גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ הִנֹּם PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.valley.of.[Ben].Hinnom|Ref=JOS_15:8!21|MId=o060150080211 32-33 יָ֔מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 יָ֔מּ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=westward|Ref=JOS_15:8!22|MId=o060150080221|Strong=3220 33 ָה ה X _ _ 32 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_15:8!22|MId=o060150080222|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 34 אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_15:8!23|MId=o060150080231|Strong=0834|Type=relative 35-36 בִּקְצֵ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=[is].at|Ref=JOS_15:8!24|MId=o060150080241|Strong=0871a 36 קְצֵ֥ה קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.end|Ref=JOS_15:8!24|MId=o060150080242|Strong=7097 37 עֵֽמֶק־ עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.valley|Ref=JOS_15:8!25|MId=o060150080251|Strong=6010|SpaceAfter=No 38 רְפָאִ֖ים רְפָאִים PROPN _ _ 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Rephaim|Ref=JOS_15:8!26|MId=o060150080261|Strong=7497a 39-40 צָפֹֽנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 צָפֹֽנ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=northward|Ref=JOS_15:8!27|MId=o060150080271|Strong=6828 40 ָה ה X _ _ 39 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_15:8!27|MId=o060150080272|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_15:8!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָה *it goes up* | qatal · qal | גְּבוּל *border* | | | | | עָלָה *it goes up* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְסָלֵיק תְּחוּמָא לְחֵילַת בַּר הִנֹם דִלְעִיבַּר יְבוּס מִדָרוֹמָא הִיא יְרוּשְׁלֵם וְסָלֵק תְּחוּמָא לְרֵישׁ טוּרָא דְעַל אַפֵּי חֵילַת הִנֹם מַעַרְבָא דְבִּסְיָפֵי מֵישַׁר גִבָּרַיָא צִפּוּנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the border went up by the Valley of the son of Hinnom unto the side of the Jebusite southward — the same is Jerusalem — and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the Valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the uttermost part of the vale of Rephaim northward.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.373/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:358`. - ← previous: [Joshua 15:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.7/) - next →: [Joshua 15:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.15.9/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/15/)