--- title: Joshua 16:10 — And they drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the C… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in the midst of Ephraim, unto this day, and became servants to do taskwork. Who acts: children, Canaanites. Joshua 16:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.16.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/16/) / 16:10 # Joshua 16:10 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** children, Canaanites · **What happens:** not drive out, dwell, become, do · **To what, where:** Canaanites, Gezer, midst, servants, taskwork This is Joshua 16:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, Canaanites — and what happens in the verse to Canaanites, Gezer, midst, servants, taskwork, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹ֣א הוֹרִ֔ישׁוּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּגָ֑זֶר וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י בְּקֶ֤רֶב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד׃פ [And they drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in the midst of Ephraim, unto this day, and became servants to do taskwork.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.440/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:423 # text = וְלֹ֣א הוֹרִ֔ישׁוּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּגָ֑זֶר וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י בְּקֶ֤רֶב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד׃פ # verse = JOS.16.10 1-2 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_16:10!1|MId=o060160100011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_16:10!1|MId=o060160100012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 הוֹרִ֔ישׁוּ יָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.dispossessed|Ref=JOS_16:10!2|MId=o060160100021|Strong=3423|Frame=AA:060160090032;A0:060160100042;|Type=qatal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_16:10!3|MId=o060160100031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_16:10!4|MId=o060160100041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 כְּנַעֲנִ֖י כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=Canaanite[s]|Ref=JOS_16:10!4|MId=o060160100042|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 7-8 הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=JOS_16:10!5|MId=o060160100051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 יּוֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=was].dwelling|Ref=JOS_16:10!5|MId=o060160100052|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060160100042;|Type=participle_active 9-10 בְּגָ֑זֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_16:10!6|MId=o060160100061|Strong=0871a 10 גָ֑זֶר גֶּזֶר PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Gezer|Ref=JOS_16:10!6|MId=o060160100062|Strong=1507 11-12 וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_16:10!7|MId=o060160100071|Strong=2050b 12 יֵּ֨שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.has.dwelt|Ref=JOS_16:10!7|MId=o060160100072|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060160100082;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_16:10!8|MId=o060160100081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 כְּנַעֲנִ֜י כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Canaanite[s]|Ref=JOS_16:10!8|MId=o060160100082|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 15-16 בְּקֶ֤רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_16:10!9|MId=o060160100091|Strong=0871a 16 קֶ֤רֶב קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=JOS_16:10!9|MId=o060160100092|Strong=7130 17 אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ephraim|Ref=JOS_16:10!10|MId=o060160100101|Strong=0669 18 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_16:10!11|MId=o060160100111|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_16:10!12|MId=o060160100121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_16:10!12|MId=o060160100122|Strong=3117 21-22 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_16:10!13|MId=o060160100131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_16:10!13|MId=o060160100132|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 23-24 וַיְהִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_16:10!14|MId=o060160100141|Strong=2050b 24 יְהִ֖י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.became|Ref=JOS_16:10!14|MId=o060160100142|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060160100082;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 לְמַס־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=JOS_16:10!15|MId=o060160100151|Strong=3807a 26 מַס־ מַס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=slave.gang|Ref=JOS_16:10!15|MId=o060160100152|Strong=4522 27 עֹבֵֽד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.laboring|Ref=JOS_16:10!16|MId=o060160100161|Strong=5647|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_16:10!16|SpaceAfter=No 29 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_16:10!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** הוֹרִישׁוּ *they dispossessed* | qatal · hiphil | כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | | יּוֹשֵׁב *was\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he has dwelt* | wayyiqtol · qal | כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | | יְהִי *he became* | wayyiqtol · qal | כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא תָרִיכוּ יַת כְּנַעֲנָאֵי דְיָתֵיב בְּגָזֶר וִיתִיבוּ כְּנַעֲנָאֵי בְּגוֹ בֵּית אֶפְרַיִם עַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין וַהֲווֹ לְמַסְקֵי מִסִין פַּלְחִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in the midst of Ephraim, unto this day, and became servants to do taskwork.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.440/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:423`. - ← previous: [Joshua 16:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.16.9/) - next →: [Joshua 17:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.17.1/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/16/)