--- title: Joshua 17:18 — but the hill-country shall be thine; for though it is a forest, thou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: but the hill-country shall be thine; for though it is a forest, thou shalt cut it down, and the goings out thereof shall be thine; for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though they have chariots of iron, and though they be strong.' Who acts: hill country, country, thou, goings. Joshua 17:18 in He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.17.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/17/) / 17:18 # Joshua 17:18 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** hill country, country, thou, goings · **What happens:** be, cut down, drive out, have · **To what, where:** thine, forest, country, Canaanites, chariots This is Joshua 17:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hill country, country, thou, goings — and what happens in the verse to thine, forest, country, Canaanites, chariots, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י הַ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ כִּֽי־יַ֣עַר ה֔וּא וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־תוֹרִ֣ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י כִּ֣י רֶ֤כֶב בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י חָזָ֖ק הֽוּא׃פ [but the hill-country shall be thine; for though it is a forest, thou shalt cut it down, and the goings out thereof shall be thine; for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though they have chariots of iron, and though they be strong.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.459/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:441 # text = כִּ֣י הַ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ כִּֽי־יַ֣עַר ה֔וּא וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־תוֹרִ֣ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י כִּ֣י רֶ֤כֶב בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י חָזָ֖ק הֽוּא׃פ # verse = JOS.17.18 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_17:18!1|MId=o060170180011|Strong=3588 2 הַ֤ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].hill.country|Ref=JOS_17:18!2|MId=o060170180021|Strong=2022 3 יִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=it.will.belong|Ref=JOS_17:18!3|MId=o060170180031|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060170180021;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 לָּךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_17:18!4|MId=o060170180041|Strong=3807a 5 ָךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_17:18!4|MId=o060170180042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_17:18!5|MId=o060170180051|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 7 יַ֣עַר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 advcl _ Gloss=[is].forest|Ref=JOS_17:18!6|MId=o060170180061|Strong=3293 8 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_17:18!7|MId=o060170180071|Strong=1931|Type=personal 9-11 וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_17:18!8|MId=o060170180081|Strong=2050b 10 בֵ֣רֵאת בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_17:18!8|MId=o060170180082|Strong=1254b|Frame=A0:060170170041;A1:060170180083;|Type=weqatal 11 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=will.cut.it.down|Ref=JOS_17:18!8|MId=o060170180083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְהָיָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_17:18!9|MId=o060170180091|Strong=2050b 13 הָיָ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 cop _ Gloss=it.will.belong|Ref=JOS_17:18!9|MId=o060170180092|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060170180111;|Type=weqatal 14-15 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_17:18!10|MId=o060170180101|Strong=3807a 15 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_17:18!10|MId=o060170180102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16-17 תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑י תֹּוצָאֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=extremities|Ref=JOS_17:18!11|MId=o060170180111|Strong=8444 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_17:18!11|MId=o060170180112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_17:18!12|MId=o060170180121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19 תוֹרִ֣ישׁ יָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 advcl _ Gloss=you.will.dispossess|Ref=JOS_17:18!13|MId=o060170180131|Strong=3423|Frame=AA:060170170041;A0:060170180152;|Type=yiqtol 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_17:18!14|MId=o060170180141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_17:18!15|MId=o060170180151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 כְּנַעֲנִ֗י כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=Canaanite[s]|Ref=JOS_17:18!15|MId=o060170180152|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 23 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_17:18!16|MId=o060170180161|Strong=3588 24 רֶ֤כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=JOS_17:18!17|MId=o060170180171|Strong=7393 25 בַּרְזֶל֙ בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.iron|Ref=JOS_17:18!18|MId=o060170180181|Strong=1270 26-27 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ל לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=JOS_17:18!19|MId=o060170180191|Strong=3807a 27 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 advcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_17:18!19|MId=o060170180192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_17:18!20|MId=o060170180201|Strong=3588 29 חָזָ֖ק חָזָק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].strong|Ref=JOS_17:18!21|MId=o060170180211|Strong=2389|Type=adjective 30 הֽוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_17:18!22|MId=o060170180221|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JOS_17:18!22|SpaceAfter=No 32 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JOS_17:18!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִֽהְיֶה־ *it will belong* | yiqtol · qal | הַר *\[the\] hill country* | | | | | בֵרֵאת *you* | weqatal · piel | | וֹ *will cut it down* | | | | הָיָה *it will belong* | weqatal · qal | תֹּֽצְאֹתָי *extremities* | | | | | תוֹרִישׁ *you will dispossess* | yiqtol · hiphil | כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי טוּרָא יְהֵי לָךְ אֲרֵי חוּרְשָׁא הוּא וְתַתְקְנִינֵיהּ וִיהֵי לָךְ מַפְקָנוֹהִי אֲרֵי תְתַרְכוּן יַת כְּנַעֲנָאֵי אֲרֵי רְתִיכִין דְפַרְזְלָא לֵיהּ אֲרֵי תַּקִיפִין אִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [but the hill-country shall be thine; for though it is a forest, thou shalt cut it down, and the goings out thereof shall be thine; for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though they have chariots of iron, and though they be strong.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.459/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:441`. - ← previous: [Joshua 17:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.17.17/) - next →: [Joshua 18:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.1/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/17/)