--- title: Joshua 18:14 — And the border was drawn and turned about on the west side southward… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the border was drawn and turned about on the west side southward, from the mountain that lieth before Beth-horon southward; and the goings out thereof were at Kiriath-baal — the same is Kiriath-jearim — a city of the children of Judah; this was the west side. Who acts: mountain, goings, same, th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/) / 18:14 # Joshua 18:14 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** mountain, goings, same, this · **What happens:** draw, turn about, lie, be · **To what, where:** border, west side, Beth horon, Kiriath baal, Kiriath jearim This is Joshua 18:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mountain, goings, same, this — and what happens in the verse to border, west side, Beth horon, Kiriath baal, Kiriath jearim, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְתָאַ֣ר הַגְּבוּל֩ וְנָסַ֨ב לִפְאַת־יָ֜ם נֶ֗גְבָּה מִן־הָהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ נֶגְבָּה֒ וְהָי֣וּ תֹֽצְאֹתָ֗יו אֶל־קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ הִ֚יא קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים עִ֖יר בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה זֹ֖את פְּאַת־יָֽם׃ [And the border was drawn and turned about on the west side southward, from the mountain that lieth before Beth-horon southward; and the goings out thereof were at Kiriath-baal — the same is Kiriath-jearim — a city of the children of Judah; this was the west side.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.473/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:455 # text = וְתָאַ֣ר הַגְּבוּל֩ וְנָסַ֨ב לִפְאַת־יָ֜ם נֶ֗גְבָּה מִן־הָהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ נֶגְבָּה֒ וְהָי֣וּ תֹֽצְאֹתָ֗יו אֶל־קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ הִ֚יא קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים עִ֖יר בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה זֹ֖את פְּאַת־יָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.18.14 1-2 וְתָאַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:14!1|MId=o060180140011|Strong=2050b 2 תָאַ֣ר תָּאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.turns|Ref=JOS_18:14!1|MId=o060180140012|Strong=8388|Frame=A0:060180140022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 הַגְּבוּל֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:14!2|MId=o060180140021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 גְּבוּל֩ גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=border|Ref=JOS_18:14!2|MId=o060180140022|Strong=1366 5-6 וְנָסַ֨ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:14!3|MId=o060180140031|Strong=2050b 6 נָסַ֨ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.turns|Ref=JOS_18:14!3|MId=o060180140032|Strong=5437|Frame=A0:060180140022;|Type=weqatal 7-8 לִפְאַת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_18:14!4|MId=o060180140041|Strong=3807a 8 פְאַת־ פֵּאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=side|Ref=JOS_18:14!4|MId=o060180140042|Strong=6285 9 יָ֜ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].west|Ref=JOS_18:14!5|MId=o060180140051|Strong=3220 10-11 נֶ֗גְבָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 נֶ֗גְבּ נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=southward|Ref=JOS_18:14!6|MId=o060180140061|Strong=5045 11 ָה ה X _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_18:14!6|MId=o060180140062|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 12 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_18:14!7|MId=o060180140071|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הָהָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:14!8|MId=o060180140081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 הָר֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=JOS_18:14!8|MId=o060180140082|Strong=2022 15 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_18:14!9|MId=o060180140091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=JOS_18:14!10|MId=o060180140101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=JOS_18:14!11|MId=o060180140111|Strong=6440 18-19 בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ בֵּית־חֹורֹון PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_18:14!12|MId=o060180140121 19 בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ בֵּית־חוֹרֹן PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Beth.Horon|Ref=JOS_18:14!13|MId=o060180140131 20-21 נֶגְבָּה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נֶגְבּ נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=south|Ref=JOS_18:14!14|MId=o060180140141|Strong=5045 21 ָה֒ ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_18:14!14|MId=o060180140142|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 22-23 וְהָי֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:14!16|MId=o060180140161|Strong=2050b 23 הָי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 27 cop _ Gloss=they.are|Ref=JOS_18:14!16|MId=o060180140162|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060180140161;|Type=weqatal 24-25 תֹֽצְאֹתָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 תֹֽצְאֹתָ֗י תֹּוצָאֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=extremities|Ref=JOS_18:14!17|MId=o060180140171|Strong=8444 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_18:14!17|MId=o060180140172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:14!18|MId=o060180140181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ קִרְיַת־בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Kiriath|Ref=JOS_18:14!19|MId=o060180140191 28 קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ קִרְיַת־בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 27 nmod _ Gloss=Baal|Ref=JOS_18:14!20|MId=o060180140201 29 הִ֚יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 acl _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_18:14!21|MId=o060180140211|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 30 קִרְיַ֣ת קִרְיַת PROPN _ _ 29 dep _ Gloss=[is].Kiriath|Ref=JOS_18:14!22|MId=o060180140221 31 יְעָרִ֔ים יְעָרִים PROPN _ _ 30 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_18:14!22 32 קִרְיַ֣ת קִרְיַת PROPN _ _ 29 dep _ Gloss=Jearim|Ref=JOS_18:14!23|MId=o060180140231 33 יְעָרִ֔ים יְעָרִים PROPN _ _ 32 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_18:14!23 34 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JOS_18:14!24|MId=o060180140241|Strong=5892 35 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.descendants|Ref=JOS_18:14!25|MId=o060180140251|Strong=1121 36 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JOS_18:14!26|MId=o060180140261|Strong=3063 37 זֹ֖את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_18:14!27|MId=o060180140271|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 38 פְּאַת־ פֵּאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[is.the].side|Ref=JOS_18:14!28|MId=o060180140281|Strong=6285|SpaceAfter=No 39 יָֽם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].west|Ref=JOS_18:14!29|MId=o060180140291|Strong=3220|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JOS_18:14!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָאַר *it turns* | weqatal · qal | גְּבוּל *border* | | | | | נָסַב *it turns* | weqatal · niphal | גְּבוּל *border* | | | | | הָיוּ *they are* | weqatal · qal | וְ *and* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתָאַר תְּחוּמָא וּמִסְתְּחַר לְרוּחַ מַעַרְבָא לְדָרוֹמָא מִן טוּרָא דִי עַל אַפֵּי בֵּית חוֹרוֹן דָרוֹמָא וַהֲווֹן מַפְקָנוֹהִי עַל קִרְיַת בַּעַל הִיא קִרְיַת יְעָרִים קַרְתָּא דִבְנֵי יְהוּדָה דָא רוּחַ מַעַרְבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the border was drawn and turned about on the west side southward, from the mountain that lieth before Beth-horon southward; and the goings out thereof were at Kiriath-baal — the same is Kiriath-jearim — a city of the children of Judah; this was the west side.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.473/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:455`. - ← previous: [Joshua 18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.13/) - next →: [Joshua 18:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.15/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/)