--- title: Joshua 18:19 — And the border passed along to the side of Beth-hoglah northward; an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the border passed along to the side of Beth-hoglah northward; and the goings out of the border were at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan; this was the south border. Who acts: border, goings, this. Joshua 18:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/) / 18:19 # Joshua 18:19 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** border, goings, this · **What happens:** pass, be · **To what, where:** side, north bay, south border This is Joshua 18:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border, goings, this — and what happens in the verse to side, north bay, south border, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעָבַ֨ר הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ וְהָי֣וּ ׀ תֹּצְא֣וֹת הַגְּב֗וּל אֶל־לְשׁ֤וֹן יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן נֶ֑גְבָּה זֶ֖ה גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ [And the border passed along to the side of Beth-hoglah northward; and the goings out of the border were at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan; this was the south border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.478/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:460 # text = וְעָבַ֨ר הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ וְהָי֣וּ ׀ תֹּצְא֣וֹת הַגְּב֗וּל אֶל־לְשׁ֤וֹן יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן נֶ֑גְבָּה זֶ֖ה גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ # verse = JOS.18.19 1-2 וְעָבַ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:19!1|MId=o060180190011|Strong=2050b 2 עָבַ֨ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.passes.on|Ref=JOS_18:19!1|MId=o060180190012|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060180190022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 הַגְּב֜וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:19!2|MId=o060180190021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 גְּב֜וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=border|Ref=JOS_18:19!2|MId=o060180190022|Strong=1366 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:19!3|MId=o060180190031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 כֶּ֣תֶף כָּתֵף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.slope|Ref=JOS_18:19!4|MId=o060180190041|Strong=3802 7-8 בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ בֵּית־חׇגְלָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_18:19!5|MId=o060180190051 8 בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ בֵּית־חׇגְלָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Beth.Hoglah|Ref=JOS_18:19!6|MId=o060180190061 9-10 צָפוֹנָה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 צָפוֹנ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ Gloss=northward|Ref=JOS_18:19!7|MId=o060180190071|Strong=6828 10 ָה֒ ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_18:19!7|MId=o060180190072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 11-12 וְהָי֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:19!9|MId=o060180190091|Strong=2050b 12 הָי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 cop _ Gloss=they.are|Ref=JOS_18:19!9|MId=o060180190092|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060180190101;|Type=weqatal 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=JOS_18:19!9 14 תֹּצְא֣וֹת תֹּוצָאֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ Gloss=the.extremities|Ref=JOS_18:19!11|MId=o060180190111|Strong=8444 15-16 הַגְּב֗וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_18:19!12|MId=o060180190121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 גְּב֗וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.territory|Ref=JOS_18:19!12|MId=o060180190122|Strong=1366 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:19!13|MId=o060180190131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18 לְשׁ֤וֹן לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=the.tongue|Ref=JOS_18:19!14|MId=o060180190141|Strong=3956 19 יָם־ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.Sea|Ref=JOS_18:19!15|MId=o060180190151|Strong=3220|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_18:19!16|MId=o060180190161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מֶּ֙לַח֙ מֶלַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Salt|Ref=JOS_18:19!16|MId=o060180190162|Strong=4417 22-23 צָפ֔וֹנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 צָפ֔וֹנ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Gloss=northward|Ref=JOS_18:19!17|MId=o060180190171|Strong=6828 23 ָה ה X _ _ 22 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_18:19!17|MId=o060180190172|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:19!18|MId=o060180190181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25 קְצֵ֥ה קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Gloss=the.end|Ref=JOS_18:19!19|MId=o060180190191|Strong=7097 26-27 הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_18:19!20|MId=o060180190201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 יַּרְדֵּ֖ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_18:19!20|MId=o060180190202|Strong=3383 28-29 נֶ֑גְבָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 נֶ֑גְבּ נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Gloss=south|Ref=JOS_18:19!21|MId=o060180190211|Strong=5045 29 ָה ה X _ _ 28 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_18:19!21|MId=o060180190212|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 30 זֶ֖ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 31 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_18:19!22|MId=o060180190221|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 31 גְּב֥וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[is.the].border|Ref=JOS_18:19!23|MId=o060180190231|Strong=1366 32 נֶֽגֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].south|Ref=JOS_18:19!24|MId=o060180190241|Strong=5045|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JOS_18:19!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָבַר *it passes on* | weqatal · qal | גְּבוּל *border* | | | | | הָיוּ *they are* | weqatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲבַר תְּחוּמָא לְעִיבַר בֵּית חָגְלָה לְצִפּוּנָא וַהֲווֹן מַפְקָנוֹהִי דִתְחוּמָה לְכֵיף יַמָא דְמִלְחָא צִפּוּנָא לִסְיָפֵי יַרְדְנָא דָרוֹמָא דֵין תְּחוּם דָרוֹמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the border passed along to the side of Beth-hoglah northward; and the goings out of the border were at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan; this was the south border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.478/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:460`. - ← previous: [Joshua 18:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.18/) - next →: [Joshua 18:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.20/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/)