--- title: Joshua 18:3 — And Joshua said unto the children of Israel: 'How long are ye slack… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua said unto the children of Israel: 'How long are ye slack to go in to possess the land, which the LORD, the God of your fathers, hath given you? Who acts: Joshua, ye, LORD. Joshua 18:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/) / 18:3 # Joshua 18:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, ye, LORD · **What happens:** say, be, go in, possess, give · **To what, where:** land, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 18:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to land, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַד־אָ֙נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ [And Joshua said unto the children of Israel: 'How long are ye slack to go in to possess the land, which the LORD, the God of your fathers, hath given you?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.462/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:444 # text = וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַד־אָ֙נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = JOS.18.3 1-2 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:3!1|MId=o060180030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֥אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_18:3!1|MId=o060180030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060180030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_18:3!2|MId=o060180030021|Strong=3091 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:3!3|MId=o060180030031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_18:3!4|MId=o060180030041|Strong=1121 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_18:3!5|MId=o060180030051|Strong=3478 7 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_18:3!6|MId=o060180030061|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 8 אָ֙נָה֙ אָן PRON _ PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=when?|Ref=JOS_18:3!7|MId=o060180030071|Strong=0575 9 אַתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=[will].you|Ref=JOS_18:3!8|MId=o060180030081|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 10 מִתְרַפִּ֔ים רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[be].showing.yourself.slack|Ref=JOS_18:3!9|MId=o060180030091|Strong=7503|Frame=A0:060180030081;|Type=participle_active 11-12 לָבוֹא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:3!10|MId=o060180030101|Strong=3807a 12 בוֹא֙ בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=JOS_18:3!10|MId=o060180030102|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060180030041;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-14 לָרֶ֣שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:3!11|MId=o060180030111|Strong=3807a 14 רֶ֣שֶׁת יָרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=take.possession.of|Ref=JOS_18:3!11|MId=o060180030112|Strong=3423|Frame=A0:060180030041;A1:060180030132;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_18:3!12|MId=o060180030121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:3!13|MId=o060180030131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_18:3!13|MId=o060180030132|Strong=0776 18 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_18:3!14|MId=o060180030141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 נָתַ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.given|Ref=JOS_18:3!15|MId=o060180030151|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060180030171;A1:060180030132;|Type=qatal 20-21 לָכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:3!16|MId=o060180030161|Strong=3807a 21 ָכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_18:3!16|MId=o060180030162|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 22 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_18:3!17|MId=o060180030171|Strong=3068 23 אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=JOS_18:3!18|MId=o060180030181|Strong=0430 24-25 אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֲבֽוֹתֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.ancestors|Ref=JOS_18:3!19|MId=o060180030191|Strong=0001 25 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_18:3!19|MId=o060180030192|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JOS_18:3!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | מִתְרַפִּים *\[be\] showing yourself slack* | participle active · hithpael | אַתֶּם *\[will\] you* | | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | רֶשֶׁת *take possession of* | infinitive construct · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | נָתַן *he has given* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד אֵימָתַי אַתּוּן מִתְרַשְׁלִין לְמֵיעַל לְמֵירַת יַת אַרְעָא דִיהַב לְכוֹן יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְאַבְהַתְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua said unto the children of Israel: 'How long are ye slack to go in to possess the land, which the LORD, the God of your fathers, hath given you?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.462/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:444`. - ← previous: [Joshua 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.2/) - next →: [Joshua 18:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.4/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/)