--- title: Joshua 18:8 — And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to de… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying: 'Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come back to me, and I will cast lots for you here before the LORD in Shiloh.' Who acts: men, Joshua, I. Joshua 18:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Ta --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/) / 18:8 # Joshua 18:8 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** men, Joshua, I · **What happens:** arise, go, charge, describe, say, walk · **To what, where:** men, land, me, lots · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 18:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Joshua, I — and what happens in the verse to men, land, me, lots, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ אֶת־הַהֹלְכִים֩ לִכְתֹּ֨ב אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ וְכִתְב֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י וּ֠פֹה אַשְׁלִ֨יךְ לָכֶ֥ם גּוֹרָ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ [And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying: 'Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come back to me, and I will cast lots for you here before the LORD in Shiloh.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.467/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:449 # text = וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ אֶת־הַהֹלְכִים֩ לִכְתֹּ֨ב אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ וְכִתְב֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י וּ֠פֹה אַשְׁלִ֨יךְ לָכֶ֥ם גּוֹרָ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ # verse = JOS.18.8 1-2 וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!1|MId=o060180080011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּקֻ֥מוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.arose|Ref=JOS_18:8!1|MId=o060180080012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:060180080022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:8!2|MId=o060180080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_18:8!2|MId=o060180080022|Strong=0376 5-6 וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!3|MId=o060180080031|Strong=2050b 6 יֵּלֵ֑כוּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JOS_18:8!3|MId=o060180080032|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060180080022;|Type=wayyiqtol 7-8 וַיְצַ֣ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!4|MId=o060180080041|Strong=2050b 8 יְצַ֣ו צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=JOS_18:8!4|MId=o060180080042|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060180080051;A1:060180080072;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_18:8!5|MId=o060180080051|Strong=3091 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_18:8!6|MId=o060180080061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַהֹלְכִים֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=JOS_18:8!7|MId=o060180080071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 הֹלְכִים֩ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=who].went|Ref=JOS_18:8!7|MId=o060180080072|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060180080022;|Type=participle_active 13-14 לִכְתֹּ֨ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:8!8|MId=o060180080081|Strong=3807a 14 כְתֹּ֨ב כָּתַב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=describe.in.writing|Ref=JOS_18:8!8|MId=o060180080082|Strong=3789|Frame=A0:060180080022;A1:060180080102;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_18:8!9|MId=o060180080091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הָאָ֜רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:8!10|MId=o060180080101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אָ֜רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_18:8!10|MId=o060180080102|Strong=0776 18-19 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_18:8!11|MId=o060180080111|Strong=3807a 19 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_18:8!11|MId=o060180080112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060180080051;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 לְ֠כוּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 8 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=JOS_18:8!12|MId=o060180080121|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060180080072;|Type=imperative 21-22 וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!13|MId=o060180080131|Strong=2050b 22 הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 conj _ Gloss=walk.about|Ref=JOS_18:8!13|MId=o060180080132|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060180080072;|Type=imperative 23-25 בָאָ֜רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_18:8!14|MId=o060180080141|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_18:8!14|MId=o060180080141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אָ֜רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_18:8!14|MId=o060180080142|Strong=0776 26-27 וְכִתְב֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!15|MId=o060180080151|Strong=2050b 27 כִתְב֤וּ כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 conj _ Gloss=describe.in.writing|Ref=JOS_18:8!15|MId=o060180080152|Strong=3789|Frame=A0:060180080072;A1:060180080162;|Type=imperative 28-29 אוֹתָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_18:8!16|MId=o060180080161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_18:8!16|MId=o060180080162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְשׁ֣וּבוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!17|MId=o060180080171|Strong=2050b 31 שׁ֣וּבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 20 conj _ Gloss=return|Ref=JOS_18:8!17|MId=o060180080172|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:060180080072;|Type=imperative 32-33 אֵלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_18:8!18|MId=o060180080181|Strong=0413 33 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JOS_18:8!18|MId=o060180080182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34-35 וּ֠פֹה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_18:8!19|MId=o060180080191|Strong=2050b 35 פֹה פֹּה ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=here|Ref=JOS_18:8!19|MId=o060180080192|Strong=6311 36 אַשְׁלִ֨יךְ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 20 conj _ Gloss=I.will.throw|Ref=JOS_18:8!20|MId=o060180080201|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:060180080051;A0:060180080221;|Type=yiqtol 37-38 לָכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ל לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_18:8!21|MId=o060180080211|Strong=3807a 38 ָכֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_18:8!21|MId=o060180080212|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 39 גּוֹרָ֛ל גּוֹרָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=a.lot|Ref=JOS_18:8!22|MId=o060180080221|Strong=1486 40-41 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_18:8!23|MId=o060180080231|Strong=3807a 41 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 36 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_18:8!23|MId=o060180080232|Strong=6440 42 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_18:8!24|MId=o060180080241|Strong=3068 43-44 בְּשִׁלֹֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_18:8!25|MId=o060180080251|Strong=0871a 44 שִׁלֹֽה שִׁלֹה PROPN _ _ 36 obl _ Gloss=Shiloh|Ref=JOS_18:8!25|MId=o060180080252|Strong=7887 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JOS_18:8!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקֻמוּ *they arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יֵּלֵכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | הֹלְכִים *who\] went* | | | | הֹלְכִים *who\] went* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | כְתֹּב *describe in writing* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | לְכוּ *go* | imperative · qal | הֹלְכִים *who\] went* | | | | | הִתְהַלְּכוּ *walk about* | imperative · hithpael | הֹלְכִים *who\] went* | | | | | כִתְבוּ *describe in writing* | imperative · qal | הֹלְכִים *who\] went* | ָהּ *it* | | | | שׁוּבוּ *return* | imperative · qal | הֹלְכִים *who\] went* | | | | | אַשְׁלִיךְ *I will throw* | yiqtol · hiphil | גּוֹרָל *a lot* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָמוּ גַבְרַיָא וַאֲזַלוּ וּפַקֵיד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ יַת דַאֲזַלוּ לְמִכְתַּב יַת אַרְעָא לְמֵימָר אֱזִילוּ וְהַלִיכוּ בְאַרְעָא וּכְתוּבוּ יָתָהּ וְתוּבוּ לְוָתִי וְהָכָא אֶרְמֵי לְכוֹן עַדְבִין קֳדָם יְיָ בְּשִׁלֹה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men arose, and went; and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying: 'Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come back to me, and I will cast lots for you here before the LORD in Shiloh.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.467/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:449`. - ← previous: [Joshua 18:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.7/) - next →: [Joshua 18:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.9/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/18/)