---
title: Joshua 19:35 — And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics
description: And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath, and Chinnereth; Who acts: fortified cities. Joshua 19:35 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 19:35 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

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**Who acts:** fortified cities · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Ziddim zer

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This is Joshua 19:35 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fortified cities — and what happens in the verse to Ziddim zer, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעָרֵ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃

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[And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath, and Chinnereth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.525/)

## The tree {#tree}

<!-- .note -->
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

```conllu rtl gloss
# sent_id = wlc:JOS:504
# text = וְעָרֵ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃
# verse = JOS.19.35
1-2	וְעָרֵ֖י	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	_	5	cc	_	Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=JOS_19:35!1|MId=o060190350011|Strong=2050b
2	עָרֵ֖י	עִיר	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	Gloss=cities|Ref=JOS_19:35!1|MId=o060190350012|Strong=5892
3	מִבְצָ֑ר	מִבְצָר	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	compound:smixut	_	Gloss=of.fortification|Ref=JOS_19:35!2|MId=o060190350021|Strong=4013
4-5	הַצִּדִּ֣ים	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
4	הַ	הַ	DET	_	PronType=Art	5	det	_	Gloss=[are].(the)|Ref=JOS_19:35!3|MId=o060190350031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article
5	צִּדִּ֣ים	צִדִּים	PROPN	_	_	0	root	_	Gloss=Ziddim|Ref=JOS_19:35!3|MId=o060190350032|Strong=6661
6	צֵ֔ר	צֵר	PROPN	_	_	5	conj	_	Gloss=Zer|Ref=JOS_19:35!4|MId=o060190350041|Strong=6863
7-8	וְחַמַּ֖ת	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	_	8	cc	_	Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_19:35!5|MId=o060190350051|Strong=2050b
8	חַמַּ֖ת	חַמַּת	PROPN	_	_	5	conj	_	Gloss=Hammath|Ref=JOS_19:35!5|MId=o060190350052|Strong=2575
9	רַקַּ֥ת	רַקַּת	PROPN	_	_	5	conj	_	Gloss=Rakkath|Ref=JOS_19:35!6|MId=o060190350061|Strong=7557
10-11	וְכִנָּֽרֶת	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	_	11	cc	_	Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_19:35!7|MId=o060190350071|Strong=2050b
11	כִנָּֽרֶת	כִּנֶּרֶת	PROPN	_	_	5	conj	_	Gloss=Kinnereth|Ref=JOS_19:35!7|MId=o060190350072|Strong=3672
12	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	_	11	punct	_	Ref=JOS_19:35!7
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- speech: narration
- negation: no

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MACULA marks no verb frame in this verse.

## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos}

<!-- .varc dir=rtl lang=arc -->
וְקִרְוִין כְרִיכָן הַצִדִים צֵר וְחַמַת רַקַת וְכִנָרֶת:

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The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

## English, JPS 1917 {#english}

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Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

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1. [And the fortified cities were Ziddim-zer, and Hammath, and Rakkath, and Chinnereth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.525/)

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**Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

**English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:504`.

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