--- title: Joshua 2:1 — And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, sa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, saying: 'Go view the land, and Jericho.' And they went, and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there. Who acts: Joshua, land, name, Rahab. Joshua 2:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / 2:1 # Joshua 2:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, land, name, Rahab · **What happens:** send, say, go, view, come, be · **To what, where:** two spies, Shittim, land, house, Rahab · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 2:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, land, name, Rahab — and what happens in the verse to two spies, Shittim, land, house, Rahab, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־בִּן־נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃ [And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, saying: 'Go view the land, and Jericho.' And they went, and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:18 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־בִּן־נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃ # verse = JOS.2.1 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:1!1|MId=o060020010011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=JOS_2:1!1|MId=o060020010012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:060020010021;A1:060020010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_2:1!2|MId=o060020010021|Strong=3091|SpaceAfter=No 4 בִּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JOS_2:1!3|MId=o060020010031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 נ֠וּן נוּן PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nun|Ref=JOS_2:1!4|MId=o060020010041|Strong=5126 6 מִֽן־ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_2:1!5|MId=o060020010051|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_2:1!6|MId=o060020010061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שִּׁטִּ֞ים שִׁטִּים PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Shittim|Ref=JOS_2:1!6|MId=o060020010062|Strong=7851 9 שְׁנַֽיִם־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 10 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=JOS_2:1!7|MId=o060020010071|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 10 אֲנָשִׁ֤ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_2:1!8|MId=o060020010081|Strong=0376 11 מְרַגְּלִים֙ רָגַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=spies|Ref=JOS_2:1!9|MId=o060020010091|Strong=7270|Frame=A0:060020010081;|Type=participle_active 12 חֶ֣רֶשׁ חֶרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=secretly|Ref=JOS_2:1!10|MId=o060020010101|Strong=2791 13-14 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_2:1!11|MId=o060020010111|Strong=3807a 14 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_2:1!11|MId=o060020010112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060020010021;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 לְכ֛וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=JOS_2:1!12|MId=o060020010121|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060020010081;|Type=imperative 16 רְא֥וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 parataxis _ Gloss=see|Ref=JOS_2:1!13|MId=o060020010131|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:060020010081;A1:060020010152;060020010171;|Type=imperative 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_2:1!14|MId=o060020010141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:1!15|MId=o060020010151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_2:1!15|MId=o060020010152|Strong=0776 20-21 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:1!16|MId=o060020010161|Strong=2050b 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_2:1!16|MId=o060020010162|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22 יְרִיח֑וֹ יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו PROPN _ _ 19 conj _ Gloss=Jericho|Ref=JOS_2:1!17|MId=o060020010171|Strong=3405 23-24 וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:1!18|MId=o060020010181|Strong=2050b 24 יֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JOS_2:1!18|MId=o060020010182|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060020010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:1!19|MId=o060020010191|Strong=2050b 26 יָּבֹאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JOS_2:1!19|MId=o060020010192|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060020010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 בֵּית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=[the].house|Ref=JOS_2:1!20|MId=o060020010201|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 28 אִשָּׁ֥ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.woman|Ref=JOS_2:1!21|MId=o060020010211|Strong=0802 29 זוֹנָ֛ה זָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 28 appos _ Gloss=a.prostitute|Ref=JOS_2:1!22|MId=o060020010221|Strong=2185|Type=participle_active 30-32 וּשְׁמָ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:1!23|MId=o060020010231|Strong=2050b 31 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=JOS_2:1!23|MId=o060020010232|Strong=8034 32 ָ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=JOS_2:1!23|MId=o060020010233|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33 רָחָ֖ב רָחָב PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].Rahab|Ref=JOS_2:1!24|MId=o060020010241|Strong=7343 34-35 וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:1!25|MId=o060020010251|Strong=2050b 35 יִּשְׁכְּבוּ־ שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.lay.down|Ref=JOS_2:1!25|MId=o060020010252|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:060020010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 36-37 שָֽׁמָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 שָֽׁמּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JOS_2:1!26|MId=o060020010261|Strong=8033 37 ָה ה X _ _ 36 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_2:1!26|MId=o060020010262|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:1!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ־ *Joshua* | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | מְרַגְּלִים *spies* | participle active · piel | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ־ *Joshua* | | | | | לְכוּ *go* | imperative · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | רְאוּ *see* | imperative · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אָרֶץ *land* + יְרִיחוֹ *Jericho* | | | | יֵּלְכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יִּשְׁכְּבוּ־ *they lay down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּר נוּן מִן שִׁטִין תְּרֵין גוּבְרִין מְאַלְלִין בְּרָז לְמֵימָר אֲזִילוּ חֲזוּ יַת אַרְעָא וְיַת יְרִיחוֹ וַאֲזַלוּ וְעַלוּ לְבֵית אִתְּתָא פּוּנְדְקִיתָא וּשְׁמָה רָחָב וּשְׁכִיבוּ תַמָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, saying: 'Go view the land, and Jericho.' And they went, and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:18`. - ← previous: [Joshua 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.18/) - next →: [Joshua 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.2/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/)