--- title: Joshua 2:10 — For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red Sea bef… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan, unto Sihon and to Og, whom ye utterly destroyed. Who acts: we, LORD, ye, two kings. Joshua 2:10 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / 2:10 # Joshua 2:10 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** we, LORD, ye, two kings · **What happens:** hear, dry up, come out, do, be, destroy · **To what, where:** water, Egypt, Sihon · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 2:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, LORD, ye, two kings — and what happens in the verse to water, Egypt, Sihon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם בְּצֵאתְכֶ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֡ם לִשְׁנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י הָאֱמֹרִ֜י אֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱרַמְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ [For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan, unto Sihon and to Og, whom ye utterly destroyed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.28/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:27 # text = כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם בְּצֵאתְכֶ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֡ם לִשְׁנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י הָאֱמֹרִ֜י אֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱרַמְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.2.10 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_2:10!1|MId=o060020100011|Strong=3588 2 שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.have.heard|Ref=JOS_2:10!2|MId=o060020100021|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:060020040022;060020090181;A1:060020100051;060020100151;|Type=qatal 3 אֵ֠ת אֵת ADP _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_2:10!3|MId=o060020100031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=how|Ref=JOS_2:10!4|MId=o060020100041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 5 הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.dried.up|Ref=JOS_2:10!5|MId=o060020100051|Strong=3001|Frame=AA:060020100061;A0:060020100081;|Type=qatal 6 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_2:10!6|MId=o060020100061|Strong=3068 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_2:10!7|MId=o060020100071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8 מֵ֤י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=the.waters|Ref=JOS_2:10!8|MId=o060020100081|Strong=4325 9 יַם־ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sea|Ref=JOS_2:10!9|MId=o060020100091|Strong=3220|SpaceAfter=No 10 סוּף֙ סוּף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.reed[s]|Ref=JOS_2:10!10|MId=o060020100101|Strong=5488 11-13 מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_2:10!11|MId=o060020100111|Strong=4480 12 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_2:10!11|MId=o060020100112|Strong=6440 13 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_2:10!11|MId=o060020100113|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 14-16 בְּצֵאתְכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_2:10!12|MId=o060020100121|Strong=0871a 15 צֵאת יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_2:10!12|MId=o060020100122|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060020100123;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ְכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=came.out|Ref=JOS_2:10!12|MId=o060020100123|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 17-18 מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_2:10!13|MId=o060020100131|Strong=4480 18 מִּצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=JOS_2:10!13|MId=o060020100132|Strong=4714 19-20 וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and.[that]|Ref=JOS_2:10!14|MId=o060020100141|Strong=2050b 20 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_2:10!14|MId=o060020100142|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21 עֲשִׂיתֶ֡ם עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 5 conj _ Gloss=you.did|Ref=JOS_2:10!15|MId=o060020100151|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060020090032;060020020102;|Type=qatal 22-23 לִשְׁנֵי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:10!16|MId=o060020100161|Strong=3807a 23 שְׁנֵי֩ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 24 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=JOS_2:10!16|MId=o060020100162|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 24 מַלְכֵ֨י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JOS_2:10!17|MId=o060020100171|Strong=4428 25-26 הָאֱמֹרִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_2:10!18|MId=o060020100181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אֱמֹרִ֜י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_2:10!18|MId=o060020100182|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 27 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_2:10!19|MId=o060020100191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 28-29 בְּעֵ֤בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=JOS_2:10!20|MId=o060020100201|Strong=0871a 29 עֵ֤בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_2:10!20|MId=o060020100202|Strong=5676 30-31 הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_2:10!21|MId=o060020100211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יַּרְדֵּן֙ יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_2:10!21|MId=o060020100212|Strong=3383 32-33 לְסִיחֹ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:10!22|MId=o060020100221|Strong=3807a 33 סִיחֹ֣ן סִיחוֹן PROPN _ _ 24 nmod _ Gloss=Sihon|Ref=JOS_2:10!22|MId=o060020100222|Strong=5511 34-36 וּלְע֔וֹג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:10!23|MId=o060020100231|Strong=2050b 35 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:10!23|MId=o060020100232|Strong=3807a 36 ע֔וֹג עוֹג PROPN _ _ 33 conj _ Gloss=Og|Ref=JOS_2:10!23|MId=o060020100233|Strong=5747 37 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=JOS_2:10!24|MId=o060020100241|Strong=0834|Type=relative 38 הֶחֱרַמְתֶּ֖ם חָרַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 33 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.totally.destroyed|Ref=JOS_2:10!25|MId=o060020100251|Strong=2763|Frame=AA:060020090032;060020020102;A0:060020100262;|Type=qatal 39-40 אוֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_2:10!26|MId=o060020100261|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 40 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_2:10!26|MId=o060020100262|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:10!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁמַעְנוּ *we have heard* | qatal · qal | | הוֹבִישׁ *he dried up* + עֲשִׂיתֶם *you did* | | | | הוֹבִישׁ *he dried up* | qatal · hiphil | מֵי *the waters* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | צֵאת *you* | infinitive construct · qal | ְכֶם *came out* | | | | | עֲשִׂיתֶם *you did* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הֶחֱרַמְתֶּם *you totally destroyed* | qatal · hiphil | ָֽם *them* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי שְׁמַעְנָא יַת דְיַבֵּשׁ יְיָ יַת מֵי יַמָא דְסוּף מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן בְּמִפַּקְכוֹן מִמִצְרַיִם וְדִי עֲבַדְתּוּן לִתְרֵין מַלְכֵי אֱמוֹרָאָה דִי בְּעַבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא לְסִיחוֹן וּלְעוֹג דִי גְמַרְתּוּן יַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan, unto Sihon and to Og, whom ye utterly destroyed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.28/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:27`. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.9/) - next →: [Joshua 2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.11/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/)