--- title: Joshua 2:11 — And as soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And as soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you; for the LORD your God, He is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath. Who acts: we, hearts, more spirit, LORD. Joshua 2:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / 2:11 # Joshua 2:11 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** we, hearts, more spirit, LORD · **What happens:** hear, melt, remain, be · **To what, where:** water, God, heaven This is Joshua 2:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, hearts, more spirit, LORD — and what happens in the verse to water, God, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ [And as soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you; for the LORD your God, He is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.29/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:28 # text = וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ # verse = JOS.2.11 1-2 וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:11!1|MId=o060020110011|Strong=2050b 2 נִּשְׁמַע֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.heard|Ref=JOS_2:11!1|MId=o060020110012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:060020040022;060020090181;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיִּמַּ֣ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:11!2|MId=o060020110021|Strong=2050b 4 יִּמַּ֣ס מָסַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.melted|Ref=JOS_2:11!2|MId=o060020110022|Strong=4549|Frame=A0:060020110031;|Type=wayyiqtol 5-6 לְבָבֵ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=JOS_2:11!3|MId=o060020110031|Strong=3824 6 ֵ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JOS_2:11!3|MId=o060020110032|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:11!4|MId=o060020110041|Strong=2050b 8 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_2:11!4|MId=o060020110042|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 קָ֨מָה קוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.arose|Ref=JOS_2:11!5|MId=o060020110051|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:060020110071;|Type=qatal 10 ע֥וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=JOS_2:11!6|MId=o060020110061|Strong=5750 11 ר֛וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=spirit|Ref=JOS_2:11!7|MId=o060020110071|Strong=7307 12-13 בְּאִ֖ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_2:11!8|MId=o060020110081|Strong=0871a 13 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=JOS_2:11!8|MId=o060020110082|Strong=0376 14-16 מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JOS_2:11!9|MId=o060020110091|Strong=4480 15 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_2:11!9|MId=o060020110092|Strong=6440 16 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_2:11!9|MId=o060020110093|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 17 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_2:11!10|MId=o060020110101|Strong=3588 18 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 dislocated _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_2:11!11|MId=o060020110111|Strong=3068 19-20 אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֱלֹֽהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOS_2:11!12|MId=o060020110121|Strong=0430 20 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_2:11!12|MId=o060020110122|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 21 ה֤וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_2:11!13|MId=o060020110131|Strong=1931|Type=personal 22 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=[is].God|Ref=JOS_2:11!14|MId=o060020110141|Strong=0430 23-25 בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_2:11!15|MId=o060020110151|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:11!15|MId=o060020110151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 שָּׁמַ֣יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=JOS_2:11!15|MId=o060020110152|Strong=8064 26-27 מִמַּ֔עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=JOS_2:11!16|MId=o060020110161|Strong=4480 27 מַּ֔עַל מַעַל ADV _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=above|Ref=JOS_2:11!16|MId=o060020110162|Strong=4605 28-29 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:11!17|MId=o060020110171|Strong=2050b 29 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_2:11!17|MId=o060020110172|Strong=5921 30-31 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:11!18|MId=o060020110181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=JOS_2:11!18|MId=o060020110182|Strong=0776 32-33 מִתָּֽחַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=JOS_2:11!19|MId=o060020110191|Strong=4480 33 תָּֽחַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=beneath|Ref=JOS_2:11!19|MId=o060020110192|Strong=8478 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:11!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִּשְׁמַע *we heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּמַּס *it melted* | wayyiqtol · niphal | לְבָב *heart* | | | | | **not** קָמָה *it arose* | qatal · qal | רוּחַ *spirit* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמַעְנָא וְאִתְמְסֵי לִבָּנָא וְלָא אִשְׁתְּאָרַת עוֹד רוּחָא בֶּאֱנַשׁ מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן אֲרֵי יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן הוּא אֱלָהָא דִשְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ בִּשְׁמַיָא מִלְעֵילָא וְשַׁלִיט עַל אַרְעָא מִלְרָע: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And as soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you; for the LORD your God, He is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.29/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:28`. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.10/) - next →: [Joshua 2:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.12/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/)