--- title: Joshua 2:3 — And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying: 'Bring forth the me… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying: 'Bring forth the men that are come to thee, that are entered into thy house; for they are come to search out all the land.' Who acts: king, men. Joshua 2:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / 2:3 # Joshua 2:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** king, men · **What happens:** send, say, bring, come, enter, search out · **To what, where:** men, thee, that, house, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 2:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, men — and what happens in the verse to men, thee, that, house, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרִיח֔וֹ אֶל־רָחָ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר ה֠וֹצִיאִי הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הַבָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּֽאוּ׃ [And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying: 'Bring forth the men that are come to thee, that are entered into thy house; for they are come to search out all the land.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.21/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:20 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרִיח֔וֹ אֶל־רָחָ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר ה֠וֹצִיאִי הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הַבָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּֽאוּ׃ # verse = JOS.2.3 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:3!1|MId=o060020030011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַח֙ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=JOS_2:3!1|MId=o060020030012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:060020030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_2:3!2|MId=o060020030021|Strong=4428 4 יְרִיח֔וֹ יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jericho|Ref=JOS_2:3!3|MId=o060020030031|Strong=3405 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:3!4|MId=o060020030041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 רָחָ֖ב רָחָב PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Rahab|Ref=JOS_2:3!5|MId=o060020030051|Strong=7343 7-8 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_2:3!6|MId=o060020030061|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_2:3!6|MId=o060020030062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060020030021;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ה֠וֹצִיאִי יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=bring.out|Ref=JOS_2:3!7|MId=o060020030071|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:060020030051;A0:060020030082;|Type=imperative 10-11 הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:3!8|MId=o060020030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אֲנָשִׁ֨ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_2:3!8|MId=o060020030082|Strong=0376 12-13 הַבָּאִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=JOS_2:3!9|MId=o060020030091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 בָּאִ֤ים בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=came|Ref=JOS_2:3!9|MId=o060020030092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060020030082;|Type=participle_active 14-15 אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֵלַ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:3!10|MId=o060020030101|Strong=0413 15 ִךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_2:3!10|MId=o060020030102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 16 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_2:3!11|MId=o060020030111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 17 בָּ֣אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JOS_2:3!12|MId=o060020030121|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060020030082;|Type=qatal 18-20 לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:3!13|MId=o060020030131|Strong=3807a 19 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=JOS_2:3!13|MId=o060020030132|Strong=1004 20 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_2:3!13|MId=o060020030133|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 21 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_2:3!14|MId=o060020030141|Strong=3588 22-23 לַחְפֹּ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:3!15|MId=o060020030151|Strong=3807a 23 חְפֹּ֥ר חָפַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 advcl _ Gloss=spy.out|Ref=JOS_2:3!15|MId=o060020030152|Strong=2658|Frame=A0:060020030082;A1:060020030182;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_2:3!16|MId=o060020030161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_2:3!17|MId=o060020030171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:3!18|MId=o060020030181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_2:3!18|MId=o060020030182|Strong=0776 28 בָּֽאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.come|Ref=JOS_2:3!19|MId=o060020030191|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060020030082;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:3!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | הוֹצִיאִי *bring out* | imperative · hiphil | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | רָחָב *Rahab* | | בָּאִים *came* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | בָּאוּ *they came* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | חְפֹּר *spy out* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | בָּֽאוּ *they have come* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח מַלְכָּא דִירִיחוֹ לְוַת רָחָב לְמֵימָר אַפִיקִי גֻבְרַיָא דַאֲתוֹ לְוָתִיךְ דַעֲלוּ לְבֵיתֵיךְ אֲרֵי לְאַלָלָא יַת כָּל אַרְעָא אֲתוֹ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying: 'Bring forth the men that are come to thee, that are entered into thy house; for they are come to search out all the land.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.21/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:20`. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.2/) - next →: [Joshua 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.4/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/)