--- title: Joshua 2:4 — And the woman took the two men, and hid them; and she said: 'Yea, th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the woman took the two men, and hid them; and she said: 'Yea, the men came unto me, but I knew not whence they were; Who acts: woman, men, I. Joshua 2:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / 2:4 # Joshua 2:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** woman, men, I · **What happens:** take, hide, say, come, not know · **To what, where:** two men, men · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — woman, men, I — and what happens in the verse to two men, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ כֵּ֗ן בָּ֤אוּ אֵלַי֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מֵאַ֥יִן הֵֽמָּה׃ [And the woman took the two men, and hid them; and she said: 'Yea, the men came unto me, but I knew not whence they were;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.22/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:21 # text = וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ כֵּ֗ן בָּ֤אוּ אֵלַי֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מֵאַ֥יִן הֵֽמָּה׃ # verse = JOS.2.4 1-2 וַתִּקַּ֧ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:4!1|MId=o060020040011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּקַּ֧ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.took|Ref=JOS_2:4!1|MId=o060020040012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:060020040022;A1:060020040052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:4!2|MId=o060020040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אִשָּׁ֛ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=woman|Ref=JOS_2:4!2|MId=o060020040022|Strong=0802 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_2:4!3|MId=o060020040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 שְׁנֵ֥י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 8 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=JOS_2:4!4|MId=o060020040041|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 7-8 הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:4!5|MId=o060020040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_2:4!5|MId=o060020040052|Strong=0376 9-11 וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:4!6|MId=o060020040061|Strong=2050b 10 תִּצְפְּנ צָפַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she|Ref=JOS_2:4!6|MId=o060020040062|Strong=6845|Frame=A0:060020040022;A1:060020040063;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=hid.him|Ref=JOS_2:4!6|MId=o060020040063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַתֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:4!7|MId=o060020040071|Strong=2050b 13 תֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=JOS_2:4!7|MId=o060020040072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060020040022;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:4!7 15 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADJ _ PronType=Dem 13 ccomp _ Gloss=right|Ref=JOS_2:4!8|MId=o060020040081|Strong=3651a|Type=demonstrative 16 בָּ֤אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JOS_2:4!9|MId=o060020040091|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060020040112;|Type=qatal 17-18 אֵלַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_2:4!10|MId=o060020040101|Strong=0413 18 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JOS_2:4!10|MId=o060020040102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19-20 הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:4!11|MId=o060020040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_2:4!11|MId=o060020040112|Strong=0376 21-22 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:4!12|MId=o060020040121|Strong=2050b 22 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_2:4!12|MId=o060020040122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 יָדַ֖עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 conj _ Gloss=I.knew|Ref=JOS_2:4!13|MId=o060020040131|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:060020040022;A1:060020040141;|Type=qatal 24-25 מֵאַ֥יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_2:4!14|MId=o060020040141|Strong=4480 25 אַ֥יִן אַיִן ADV _ _ 23 ccomp _ Gloss=where|Ref=JOS_2:4!14|MId=o060020040142|Strong=0370|Type=interrogative 26 הֵֽמָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=[were].they|Ref=JOS_2:4!15|MId=o060020040151|Strong=1992|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:4!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּקַּח *she took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | תִּצְפְּנ *she* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | וֹ *hid him* | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | | בָּאוּ *they came* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | **not** יָדַעְתִּי *I knew* | qatal · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | מֵ *from* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְבִירַת אִתְּתָא יַת תְּרֵין גֻבְרַיָא וְאַטְמַרַתְנוּן וַאֲמָרַת בְּקוּשְׁטָא אֲתוֹ לְוָתִי גֻבְרַיָא וְלָא יִדְעֵית אֵי מִנָן אִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the woman took the two men, and hid them; and she said: 'Yea, the men came unto me, but I knew not whence they were;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.22/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:21`. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.3/) - next →: [Joshua 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/)