--- title: Joshua 2:5 — and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out; whither the men went I know not; pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them.' Who acts: house, men, I, ye. Joshua 2:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / 2:5 # Joshua 2:5 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** house, men, I, ye · **What happens:** come, pass, be, go out, go, not know · **To what, where:** men, gate · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 2:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — house, men, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to men, gate, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר לִסְגּ֗וֹר בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים יָצָ֔אוּ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אָ֥נָה הָלְכ֖וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים רִדְפ֥וּ מַהֵ֛ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם כִּ֥י תַשִּׂיגֽוּם׃ [and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out; whither the men went I know not; pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.23/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:22 # text = וַיְהִ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר לִסְגּ֗וֹר בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים יָצָ֔אוּ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אָ֥נָה הָלְכ֖וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים רִדְפ֥וּ מַהֵ֛ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם כִּ֥י תַשִּׂיגֽוּם׃ # verse = JOS.2.5 1-2 וַיְהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:5!1|MId=o060020050011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֨י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_2:5!1|MId=o060020050012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַשַּׁ֜עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:5!2|MId=o060020050021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שַּׁ֜עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=gate|Ref=JOS_2:5!2|MId=o060020050022|Strong=8179 5-6 לִסְגּ֗וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=[was|Ref=JOS_2:5!3|MId=o060020050031|Strong=3807a 6 סְגּ֗וֹר סָגַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 parataxis _ Gloss=about].to.shut|Ref=JOS_2:5!3|MId=o060020050032|Strong=5462|Frame=A0:060020050022;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-9 בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_2:5!4|MId=o060020050041|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_2:5!4|MId=o060020050041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ חֹשֶׁךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=JOS_2:5!4|MId=o060020050042|Strong=2822 10-12 וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_2:5!5|MId=o060020050051|Strong=2050b 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:5!5|MId=o060020050052|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אֲנָשִׁ֣ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_2:5!5|MId=o060020050053|Strong=0376 13 יָצָ֔אוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=JOS_2:5!6|MId=o060020050061|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060020050053;|Type=qatal 14 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_2:5!7|MId=o060020050071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 15 יָדַ֔עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.know|Ref=JOS_2:5!8|MId=o060020050081|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:060020040022;A1:060020050101;|Type=qatal 16 אָ֥נָה אָן PRON _ PronType=Prs 17 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=JOS_2:5!9|MId=o060020050091|Strong=0575 17 הָלְכ֖וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 ccomp _ Gloss=did.they.go|Ref=JOS_2:5!10|MId=o060020050101|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060020050112;|Type=qatal 18-19 הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_2:5!11|MId=o060020050111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אֲנָשִׁ֑ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_2:5!11|MId=o060020050112|Strong=0376 20 רִדְפ֥וּ רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=pursue|Ref=JOS_2:5!12|MId=o060020050121|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:060020070013;|Type=imperative 21 מַהֵ֛ר מַהֵר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 20 obl:npmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=JOS_2:5!13|MId=o060020050131|Strong=4118|Type=infinitive_absolute 22-23 אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אַחֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JOS_2:5!14|MId=o060020050141|Strong=0310 23 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_2:5!14|MId=o060020050142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_2:5!15|MId=o060020050151|Strong=3588 25-26 תַשִּׂיגֽוּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 תַשִּׂיגֽוּ נָשַׂג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_2:5!16|MId=o060020050161|Strong=5381|Frame=AA:060020070013;A0:060020050162;|Type=yiqtol 26 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=will.overtake.them|Ref=JOS_2:5!16|MId=o060020050162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JOS_2:5!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | סְגּוֹר *about\] to shut* | infinitive construct · qal | שַּׁעַר *gate* | | | | | יָצָאוּ *they went out* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | **not** יָדַעְתִּי *I know* | qatal · qal | | הָלְכוּ *did they go* | | | | הָלְכוּ *did they go* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | רִדְפוּ *pursue* | imperative · qal | | | | | | תַשִּׂיגֽוּ *you* | yiqtol · hiphil | ם *will overtake them* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה עִדָן לְמֵיחַד תַּרְעָא בְּקִבְלָה וְגֻבְרַיָא נְפַקוּ לָא יַדְעֵית לְאָן אֲזַלוּ גֻבְרַיָא רִדְפוּ בִּפְרִיעַ בַּתְרֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי תַדְבְּקוּנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out; whither the men went I know not; pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.23/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:22`. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.4/) - next →: [Joshua 2:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.6/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/)