--- title: Joshua 20:4 — And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the e… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city, and declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; and they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. Who acts: manslayer, cities. Joshua --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/20/) / 20:4 # Joshua 20:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** manslayer, cities · **What happens:** flee, stand, declare, take, give, dwell · **To what, where:** entrance, cause, ears, manslayer, city, place This is Joshua 20:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — manslayer, cities — and what happens in the verse to entrance, cause, ears, manslayer, city, place, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנָ֞ס אֶל־אַחַ֣ת ׀ מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְעָמַד֙ פֶּ֚תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽירהַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנוּ־ל֥וֹ מָק֖וֹם וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם׃ [And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city, and declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; and they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.546/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:524 # text = וְנָ֞ס אֶל־אַחַ֣ת ׀ מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְעָמַד֙ פֶּ֚תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽירהַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנוּ־ל֥וֹ מָק֖וֹם וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם׃ # verse = JOS.20.4 1-2 וְנָ֞ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:4!1|MId=o060200040011|Strong=2050b 2 נָ֞ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.flee|Ref=JOS_20:4!1|MId=o060200040012|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:060200030031;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_20:4!2|MId=o060200040021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 אַחַ֣ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=one|Ref=JOS_20:4!3|MId=o060200040031|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=JOS_20:4!3 6-8 מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_20:4!4|MId=o060200040041|Strong=4480 7 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_20:4!4|MId=o060200040042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עָרִ֣ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JOS_20:4!4|MId=o060200040043|Strong=5892 9-10 הָאֵ֗לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_20:4!5|MId=o060200040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֵ֗לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 8 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JOS_20:4!5|MId=o060200040052|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 11-12 וְעָמַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:4!6|MId=o060200040061|Strong=2050b 12 עָמַד֙ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.stand|Ref=JOS_20:4!6|MId=o060200040062|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060200030031;|Type=weqatal 13 פֶּ֚תַח פֶּתַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.entrance|Ref=JOS_20:4!7|MId=o060200040071|Strong=6607 14 שַׁ֣עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.gate|Ref=JOS_20:4!8|MId=o060200040081|Strong=8179 15-16 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_20:4!9|MId=o060200040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JOS_20:4!9|MId=o060200040092|Strong=5892 17-18 וְדִבֶּ֛ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:4!10|MId=o060200040101|Strong=2050b 18 דִבֶּ֛ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.speak|Ref=JOS_20:4!10|MId=o060200040102|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:060200030031;A1:060200040161;|Type=weqatal 19-20 בְּאָזְנֵ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_20:4!11|MId=o060200040111|Strong=0871a 20 אָזְנֵ֛י אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 18 obl _ Gloss=the.ears|Ref=JOS_20:4!11|MId=o060200040112|Strong=0241 21 זִקְנֵ֥י־ זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.elders|Ref=JOS_20:4!12|MId=o060200040121|Strong=2205|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 22-25 הָעִֽירהַהִ֖יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_20:4!13|MId=o060200040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 עִֽיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JOS_20:4!13|MId=o060200040132|Strong=5892 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_20:4!14|MId=o060200040141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 הִ֖יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_20:4!14|MId=o060200040142|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_20:4!15|MId=o060200040151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 דְּבָרָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 דְּבָרָ֑י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=JOS_20:4!16|MId=o060200040161|Strong=1697 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_20:4!16|MId=o060200040162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-30 וְאָסְפ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:4!17|MId=o060200040171|Strong=2050b 30 אָסְפ֨וּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.gather|Ref=JOS_20:4!17|MId=o060200040172|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:060200040121;A1:060200040182;|Type=qatal 31-32 אֹת֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_20:4!18|MId=o060200040181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_20:4!18|MId=o060200040182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33-35 הָעִ֙ירָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_20:4!19|MId=o060200040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 עִ֙יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_20:4!19|MId=o060200040192|Strong=5892 35 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 34 nmod _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_20:4!19|MId=o060200040193|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 36-37 אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_20:4!20|MId=o060200040201|Strong=0413 37 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=JOS_20:4!20|MId=o060200040202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 38-39 וְנָתְנוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:4!21|MId=o060200040211|Strong=2050b 39 נָתְנוּ־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.give|Ref=JOS_20:4!21|MId=o060200040212|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060200040121;A1:060200040231;|Type=weqatal 40-41 ל֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ל לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_20:4!22|MId=o060200040221|Strong=3807a 41 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_20:4!22|MId=o060200040222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 42 מָק֖וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obj _ Gloss=a.place|Ref=JOS_20:4!23|MId=o060200040231|Strong=4725 43-44 וְיָשַׁ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:4!24|MId=o060200040241|Strong=2050b 44 יָשַׁ֥ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.dwell|Ref=JOS_20:4!24|MId=o060200040242|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060200030031;|Type=weqatal 45-46 עִמָּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_20:4!25|MId=o060200040251|Strong=5973 46 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_20:4!25|MId=o060200040252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=JOS_20:4!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָס *he will flee* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | עָמַד *he will stand* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | דִבֶּר *he will speak* | weqatal · piel | | דְּבָרָי *words* | | | | אָסְפוּ *they will gather* | qatal · qal | זִקְנֵי־ *of the elders* | וֹ *him* | | | | נָתְנוּ־ *they will give* | weqatal · qal | זִקְנֵי־ *of the elders* | מָקוֹם *a place* | | | | יָשַׁב *he will dwell* | weqatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַעֲרוֹק לַחֲדָא מִקִרְוַיָא הָאִלֵין וִיקוּם בְּמַעֲלָנָא דִתְרַע קַרְתָּא וִימַלֵיל קֳדָם סָבֵי קַרְתָּא הַהִיא יַת פִּתְגָמוֹהִי וִיכַנְשׁוּן יָתֵיהּ לְקַרְתָּא לְוַתְהוֹן וְיִתְּנוּן לֵיהּ אֲתַר וִיתֵיב עִמְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he shall flee unto one of those cities, and shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city, and declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; and they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.546/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:524`. - ← previous: [Joshua 20:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.3/) - next →: [Joshua 20:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/20/)