--- title: Joshua 20:5 — And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not de… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver up the manslayer into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unawares, and hated him not beforetime. Who acts: avenger, cities, manslayer. Joshua 20:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/20/) / 20:5 # Joshua 20:5 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** avenger, cities, manslayer · **What happens:** pursue, not deliver up, smite, not hate · **To what, where:** manslayer, hand, neighbour This is Joshua 20:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — avenger, cities, manslayer — and what happens in the verse to manslayer, hand, neighbour, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכִ֨י יִרְדֹּ֜ף גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יַסְגִּ֥רוּ אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּיָד֑וֹ כִּ֤י בִבְלִי־דַ֙עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹֽא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ [And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver up the manslayer into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unawares, and hated him not beforetime.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.547/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:525 # text = וְכִ֨י יִרְדֹּ֜ף גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יַסְגִּ֥רוּ אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּיָד֑וֹ כִּ֤י בִבְלִי־דַ֙עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹֽא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ # verse = JOS.20.5 1-2 וְכִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:5!1|MId=o060200050011|Strong=2050b 2 כִ֨י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_20:5!1|MId=o060200050012|Strong=3588 3 יִרְדֹּ֜ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.pursue|Ref=JOS_20:5!2|MId=o060200050021|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:060200050031;|Type=yiqtol 4 גֹּאֵ֤ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.avenger|Ref=JOS_20:5!3|MId=o060200050031|Strong=1350|Frame=A1:060200050042;|Type=participle_active 5-6 הַדָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_20:5!4|MId=o060200050041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 דָּם֙ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=blood|Ref=JOS_20:5!4|MId=o060200050042|Strong=1818 7-8 אַֽחֲרָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אַֽחֲרָ֔י אַחַר ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JOS_20:5!5|MId=o060200050051|Strong=0310 8 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_20:5!5|MId=o060200050052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:5!6|MId=o060200050061|Strong=2050b 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_20:5!6|MId=o060200050062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 11 יַסְגִּ֥רוּ סָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.will.deliver.up|Ref=JOS_20:5!7|MId=o060200050071|Strong=5462|Frame=AA:060200040121;A0:060200050092;|Type=yiqtol 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_20:5!8|MId=o060200050081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הָרֹצֵ֖חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_20:5!9|MId=o060200050091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 רֹצֵ֖חַ רָצַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=killer|Ref=JOS_20:5!9|MId=o060200050092|Strong=7523|Type=participle_active 15-17 בְּיָד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_20:5!10|MId=o060200050101|Strong=0871a 16 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JOS_20:5!10|MId=o060200050102|Strong=3027 17 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_20:5!10|MId=o060200050103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_20:5!11|MId=o060200050111|Strong=3588 19-20 בִבְלִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_20:5!12|MId=o060200050121|Strong=0871a 20 בְלִי־ בְּלִי ADV _ _ 22 obl _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_20:5!12|MId=o060200050122|Strong=1097|Type=negative 21 דַ֙עַת֙ דַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=knowledge|Ref=JOS_20:5!13|MId=o060200050131|Strong=1847 22 הִכָּ֣ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=he.struck.down|Ref=JOS_20:5!14|MId=o060200050141|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060200050092;A0:060200050161;|Type=qatal 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_20:5!15|MId=o060200050151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 רֵעֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=JOS_20:5!16|MId=o060200050161|Strong=7453 25 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_20:5!16|MId=o060200050162|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_20:5!17|MId=o060200050171|Strong=2050b 27 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_20:5!17|MId=o060200050172|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 שֹׂנֵ֥א שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[was].hating|Ref=JOS_20:5!18|MId=o060200050181|Strong=8130|Frame=A0:060200050191;|Type=participle_active 29 ה֛וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_20:5!19|MId=o060200050191|Strong=1931|Type=personal 30-31 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ל לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_20:5!20|MId=o060200050201|Strong=3807a 31 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_20:5!20|MId=o060200050202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-33 מִתְּמ֥וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_20:5!21|MId=o060200050211|Strong=4480 33 תְּמ֥וֹל תְּמוֹל ADV _ _ 28 obl _ Gloss=yesterday|Ref=JOS_20:5!21|MId=o060200050212|Strong=8543 34 שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם שִׁלְשֹׁום ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 advmod _ Gloss=[the].third.day|Ref=JOS_20:5!22|MId=o060200050221|Strong=8032|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JOS_20:5!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִרְדֹּף *he will pursue* | yiqtol · qal | גֹּאֵל *the avenger* | | | | | גֹּאֵל *the avenger* | participle active · qal | | דָּם *blood* | | | | **not** יַסְגִּרוּ *they will deliver up* | yiqtol · hiphil | רֹצֵחַ *killer* | | | | | הִכָּה *he struck down* | qatal · hiphil | רֵע *neighbor* | | | רֹצֵחַ *killer* | | **not** שֹׂנֵא *\[was\] hating* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵי יִרְדוֹף גָאֵל דְמָא בַּתְרוֹהִי וְלָא יִמְסְרוּן יַת קָטוֹלָא בִּידֵיהּ אֲרֵי בְּלָא מַדָעֵיהּ קְטַל יַת חַבְרֵיהּ וְלָא שָׂנֵי הוּא לֵיהּ מֵאִתְמָלֵי וּמִדְקֳדָמוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver up the manslayer into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unawares, and hated him not beforetime.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.547/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:525`. - ← previous: [Joshua 20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.4/) - next →: [Joshua 20:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.20.6/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/20/)