--- title: Joshua 22:11 — And the children of Israel heard say: 'Behold, the children of Reube… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Israel heard say: 'Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar in the forefront of the land of Canaan, in the region about the Jordan, on the side that pertaineth to the children of Israel.' Who acts: children, side. J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/) / 22:11 # Joshua 22:11 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** children, side · **What happens:** hear, say, build, pertain · **To what, where:** altar, forefront · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 22:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, side — and what happens in the verse to altar, forefront, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה בָנ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֡ד וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֶל־גְּלִילוֹת֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶל־עֵ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And the children of Israel heard say: 'Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar in the forefront of the land of Canaan, in the region about the Jordan, on the side that pertaineth to the children of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.608/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:585 # text = וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה בָנ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֡ד וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֶל־גְּלִילוֹת֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶל־עֵ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = JOS.22.11 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:11!1|MId=o060220110011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמְע֥וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=JOS_22:11!1|MId=o060220110012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:060220110021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_22:11!2|MId=o060220110021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_22:11!3|MId=o060220110031|Strong=3478 5-6 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 8 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_22:11!4|MId=o060220110041|Strong=3807a 6 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_22:11!4|MId=o060220110042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060220110021;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 הִנֵּ֣ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 8 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JOS_22:11!5|MId=o060220110051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 8 בָנ֣וּ בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.built|Ref=JOS_22:11!6|MId=o060220110061|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:060220110071;060220110092;060220110112;A1:060220110152;|Type=qatal 9 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JOS_22:11!7|MId=o060220110071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10 רְאוּבֵ֣ן רְאוּבֵן PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Reuben|Ref=JOS_22:11!8|MId=o060220110081|Strong=7205 11-12 וּבְנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:11!9|MId=o060220110091|Strong=2050b 12 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JOS_22:11!9|MId=o060220110092|Strong=1121 13 גָ֡ד גָּד PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gad|Ref=JOS_22:11!10|MId=o060220110101|Strong=1410 14-15 וַחֲצִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:11!11|MId=o060220110111|Strong=2050b 15 חֲצִי֩ חֲצִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=the.half|Ref=JOS_22:11!11|MId=o060220110112|Strong=2677 16 שֵׁ֨בֶט שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.tribe|Ref=JOS_22:11!12|MId=o060220110121|Strong=7626 17-18 הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_22:11!13|MId=o060220110131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה מְנַשֶּׁה PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Manasseh|Ref=JOS_22:11!13|MId=o060220110132|Strong=4519 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_22:11!14|MId=o060220110141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_22:11!15|MId=o060220110151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=altar|Ref=JOS_22:11!15|MId=o060220110152|Strong=4196 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_22:11!16|MId=o060220110161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23 מוּל֙ מוּל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=opposite.to|Ref=JOS_22:11!17|MId=o060220110171|Strong=4136 24 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JOS_22:11!18|MId=o060220110181|Strong=0776 25 כְּנַ֔עַן כְּנַעַן PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Canaan|Ref=JOS_22:11!19|MId=o060220110191|Strong=3667 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_22:11!20|MId=o060220110201|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27 גְּלִילוֹת֙ גְלִילָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=Geliloth|Ref=JOS_22:11!21|MId=o060220110211|Strong=1552 28-29 הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_22:11!22|MId=o060220110221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_22:11!22|MId=o060220110222|Strong=3383 30 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_22:11!23|MId=o060220110231|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 31 עֵ֖בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.side|Ref=JOS_22:11!24|MId=o060220110241|Strong=5676 32 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=JOS_22:11!25|MId=o060220110251|Strong=1121 33 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_22:11!26|MId=o060220110261|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:11!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמְעוּ *they heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | בָנוּ *they have built* | qatal · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* + בְנֵי־ *the descendants* + חֲצִי *the half* | מִּזְבֵּחַ *altar* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמָעוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵימָר הָא בְּנוֹ בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן וּבְנֵי גָד וּפַלְגוּת שִׁבְטָא דִמְנַשֶׁה יַת מַדְבְּחָא לָקֳבֵיל אַרְעָא דִכְנָעַן בִּגְלִילֵי יַרְדְנָא דִלְעִבַּר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the children of Israel heard say: 'Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar in the forefront of the land of Canaan, in the region about the Jordan, on the side that pertaineth to the children of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.608/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:585`. - ← previous: [Joshua 22:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.10/) - next →: [Joshua 22:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.12/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/)