--- title: Joshua 22:16 — 'Thus saith the whole congregation of the LORD: What treachery is th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Thus saith the whole congregation of the LORD: What treachery is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, to rebel this day against the LORD? Who acts: whole congregation, treachery, ye. Joshua 22:16 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/) / 22:16 # Joshua 22:16 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** whole congregation, treachery, ye · **What happens:** say, be, commit, turn away, follow, build · **To what, where:** this, LORD, altar, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 22:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — whole congregation, treachery, ye — and what happens in the verse to this, LORD, altar, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל ׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה מָֽה־הַמַּ֤עַל הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר מְעַלְתֶּם֙ בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָשׁ֣וּב הַיּ֔וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה בִּבְנֽוֹתְכֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לִמְרָדְכֶ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם בַּיהוָֽה׃ ['Thus saith the whole congregation of the LORD: What treachery is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, to rebel this day against the LORD?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.613/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:590 # text = כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל ׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה מָֽה־הַמַּ֤עַל הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר מְעַלְתֶּם֙ בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָשׁ֣וּב הַיּ֔וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה בִּבְנֽוֹתְכֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לִמְרָדְכֶ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם בַּיהוָֽה׃ # verse = JOS.22.16 1 כֹּ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JOS_22:16!1|MId=o060220160011|Strong=3541 2 אָמְר֞וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.say|Ref=JOS_22:16!2|MId=o060220160021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060220160041;|Type=qatal 3 כֹּ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_22:16!3|MId=o060220160031|Strong=3605 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:16!3 5 עֲדַ֣ת עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.congregation|Ref=JOS_22:16!4|MId=o060220160041|Strong=5712 6 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_22:16!5|MId=o060220160051|Strong=3068 7 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=JOS_22:16!6|MId=o060220160061|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַמַּ֤עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=JOS_22:16!7|MId=o060220160071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מַּ֤עַל מַעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=unfaithfulness|Ref=JOS_22:16!7|MId=o060220160072|Strong=4604 10-11 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_22:16!8|MId=o060220160081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_22:16!8|MId=o060220160082|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 12 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_22:16!9|MId=o060220160091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 מְעַלְתֶּם֙ מָעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.acted.unfaithfully|Ref=JOS_22:16!10|MId=o060220160101|Strong=4603|Frame=A0:060220150031;060220150061;060220150091;A1:060220160072;|Type=qatal 14-15 בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בֵּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JOS_22:16!11|MId=o060220160111|Strong=0871a 15 אלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=JOS_22:16!11|MId=o060220160112|Strong=0430 16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_22:16!12|MId=o060220160121|Strong=3478 17-18 לָשׁ֣וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JOS_22:16!13|MId=o060220160131|Strong=3807a 18 שׁ֣וּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=turning.back|Ref=JOS_22:16!13|MId=o060220160132|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:060220150031;060220150061;060220150091;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 הַיּ֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_22:16!14|MId=o060220160141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יּ֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_22:16!14|MId=o060220160142|Strong=3117 21-22 מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_22:16!15|MId=o060220160151|Strong=4480 22 אַחֲרֵ֖י אַחַר ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JOS_22:16!15|MId=o060220160152|Strong=0310 23 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_22:16!16|MId=o060220160161|Strong=3068 24-26 בִּבְנֽוֹתְכֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_22:16!17|MId=o060220160171|Strong=0871a 25 בְנֽוֹת בָּנָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 advcl _ Gloss=built|Ref=JOS_22:16!17|MId=o060220160172|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:060220160173;A1:060220160191;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 ְכֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_22:16!17|MId=o060220160173|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27-28 לָכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_22:16!18|MId=o060220160181|Strong=3807a 28 ָכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=JOS_22:16!18|MId=o060220160182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 29 מִזְבֵּ֔חַ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=an.altar|Ref=JOS_22:16!19|MId=o060220160191|Strong=4196 30-32 לִמְרָדְכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JOS_22:16!20|MId=o060220160201|Strong=3807a 31 מְרָד מָרַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 advcl _ Gloss=rebelling|Ref=JOS_22:16!20|MId=o060220160202|Strong=4775|Frame=A0:060220160203;|Type=infinitive_construct 32 ְכֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_22:16!20|MId=o060220160203|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 33-34 הַיּ֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_22:16!21|MId=o060220160211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 יּ֖וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_22:16!21|MId=o060220160212|Strong=3117 35-36 בַּיהוָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JOS_22:16!22|MId=o060220160221|Strong=0871a 36 יהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_22:16!22|MId=o060220160222|Strong=3068 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:16!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמְרוּ *they say* | qatal · qal | עֲדַת *the congregation* | | | | | מְעַלְתֶּם *you have acted unfaithfully* | qatal · qal | | מַּעַל *unfaithfulness* | | | | שׁוּב *turning back* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | בְנֽוֹת *built* | infinitive construct · qal | ְכֶם *you* | מִזְבֵּחַ *an altar* | | | | מְרָד *rebelling* | infinitive construct · qal | ְכֶם *your* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כְּדֵין אֲמַרוּ כָּל כְּנִשְׁתָּא דַייָ מָא שִׁקְרָא הָדֵין דִי שְׁקַרְתּוּן בְּמֵימְרָא דֶאֱלָהָא יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִיתַב יוֹמָא דֵין מִבָּתַר פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ בְּמִבְנְכֹן לְכוֹן מַדְבְּחָא לְמִמְרַדְכוֹן יוֹמָא דֵין בְּמֵימְרָא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Thus saith the whole congregation of the LORD: What treachery is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, to rebel this day against the LORD?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.613/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:590`. - ← previous: [Joshua 22:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.15/) - next →: [Joshua 22:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.17/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/)