--- title: Joshua 22:20 — Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass concerning the devo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass concerning the devoted thing, and wrath fell upon all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.' Who acts: Achan, wrath, man. Joshua 22:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/) / 22:20 # Joshua 22:20 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Achan, wrath, man · **What happens:** not commit, fall, perish · **To what, where:** trespass, congregation, iniquity This is Joshua 22:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Achan, wrath, man — and what happens in the verse to trespass, congregation, iniquity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲל֣וֹא ׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֙עַל֙ בַּחֵ֔רֶם וְעַֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָ֣יָה קָ֑צֶף וְהוּא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד לֹ֥א גָוַ֖ע בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃פ [Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass concerning the devoted thing, and wrath fell upon all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.617/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:594 # text = הֲל֣וֹא ׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֙עַל֙ בַּחֵ֔רֶם וְעַֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָ֣יָה קָ֑צֶף וְהוּא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד לֹ֥א גָוַ֖ע בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃פ # verse = JOS.22.20 1-2 הֲל֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JOS_22:20!1|MId=o060220200011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 ל֣וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_22:20!1|MId=o060220200012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:20!1 4 עָכָ֣ן עָכָן PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Achan|Ref=JOS_22:20!2|MId=o060220200021|Strong=5912 5 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JOS_22:20!3|MId=o060220200031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 6 זֶ֗רַח זֶרַח PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zerah|Ref=JOS_22:20!4|MId=o060220200041|Strong=2226 7 מָ֤עַל מָעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=did.he.act.unfaithfully|Ref=JOS_22:20!5|MId=o060220200051|Strong=4603|Frame=A0:060220200021;|Type=qatal 8 מַ֙עַל֙ מַעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=unfaithfulness|Ref=JOS_22:20!6|MId=o060220200061|Strong=4604 9-11 בַּחֵ֔רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_22:20!7|MId=o060220200071|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.devoted|Ref=JOS_22:20!7|MId=o060220200071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 חֵ֔רֶם חֵרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=thing[s]|Ref=JOS_22:20!7|MId=o060220200072|Strong=2764 12-13 וְעַֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:20!8|MId=o060220200081|Strong=2050b 13 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=towards|Ref=JOS_22:20!8|MId=o060220200082|Strong=5921 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_22:20!9|MId=o060220200091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15 עֲדַ֥ת עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.congregation|Ref=JOS_22:20!10|MId=o060220200101|Strong=5712 16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_22:20!11|MId=o060220200111|Strong=3478 17 הָ֣יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_22:20!12|MId=o060220200121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060220200131;|Type=qatal 18 קָ֑צֶף קֶצֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=anger|Ref=JOS_22:20!13|MId=o060220200131|Strong=7110 19-20 וְהוּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:20!14|MId=o060220200141|Strong=2050b 20 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_22:20!14|MId=o060220200142|Strong=1931|Type=personal 21 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=[was].a.man|Ref=JOS_22:20!15|MId=o060220200151|Strong=0376 22 אֶחָ֔ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=JOS_22:20!16|MId=o060220200161|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 23 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_22:20!17|MId=o060220200171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 גָוַ֖ע גָּוַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=did.he.die?|Ref=JOS_22:20!18|MId=o060220200181|Strong=1478|Frame=A0:060220200021;|Type=qatal 25-27 בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_22:20!19|MId=o060220200191|Strong=0871a 26 עֲוֺנ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=iniquity|Ref=JOS_22:20!19|MId=o060220200192|Strong=5771 27 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_22:20!19|MId=o060220200193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:20!19|SpaceAfter=No 29 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:20!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** מָעַל *did he act unfaithfully* | qatal · qal | עָכָן *Achan* | | | | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | קָצֶף *anger* | | | | | **not** גָוַע *did he die?* | qatal · qal | עָכָן *Achan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲלָא עָכָן בַּר זָרַח שְׁקַר שִׁקְרָא בְּחֶרְמָא וְעַל כָּל כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל הֲוָה רוּגְזָא וְהוּא גַבְרָא חָד לָא מִית בְּחוֹבֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass concerning the devoted thing, and wrath fell upon all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.617/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:594`. - ← previous: [Joshua 22:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.19/) - next →: [Joshua 22:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.21/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/)