--- title: Joshua 22:31 — And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh: 'This day we know that the LORD is in the midst of us, because ye have not committed this treachery against the LORD; now have ye delivered the children of Israel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/) / 22:31 # Joshua 22:31 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Phinehas, we, LORD, ye · **What happens:** say, know, be, not commit, deliver · **To what, where:** midst, treachery, children, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 22:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Phinehas, we, LORD, ye — and what happens in the verse to midst, treachery, children, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֡ן אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֜ד וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה הַיּ֤וֹם ׀ יָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ כִּֽי־בְתוֹכֵ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה הַמַּ֣עַל הַזֶּ֑ה אָ֗ז הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה׃ [And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh: 'This day we know that the LORD is in the midst of us, because ye have not committed this treachery against the LORD; now have ye delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.628/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:605 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֡ן אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֜ד וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה הַיּ֤וֹם ׀ יָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ כִּֽי־בְתוֹכֵ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה הַמַּ֣עַל הַזֶּ֑ה אָ֗ז הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = JOS.22.31 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:31!1|MId=o060220310011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_22:31!1|MId=o060220310012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060220310021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 פִּֽינְחָ֣ס פִּינְחָס PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Phinehas|Ref=JOS_22:31!2|MId=o060220310021|Strong=6372 4 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=JOS_22:31!3|MId=o060220310031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 אֶלְעָזָ֣ר אֶלְעָזָר PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Eleazar|Ref=JOS_22:31!4|MId=o060220310041|Strong=0499 6-7 הַכֹּהֵ֡ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_22:31!5|MId=o060220310051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 כֹּהֵ֡ן כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=priest|Ref=JOS_22:31!5|MId=o060220310052|Strong=3548 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_22:31!6|MId=o060220310061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9 בְּנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JOS_22:31!7|MId=o060220310071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10 רְאוּבֵ֨ן רְאוּבֵן PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Reuben|Ref=JOS_22:31!8|MId=o060220310081|Strong=7205 11-12 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:31!9|MId=o060220310091|Strong=2050b 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_22:31!9|MId=o060220310092|Strong=0413 13 בְּנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JOS_22:31!10|MId=o060220310101|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 14 גָ֜ד גָּד PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gad|Ref=JOS_22:31!11|MId=o060220310111|Strong=1410 15-16 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_22:31!12|MId=o060220310121|Strong=2050b 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_22:31!12|MId=o060220310122|Strong=0413 17 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=JOS_22:31!13|MId=o060220310131|Strong=1121 18 מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה מְנַשֶּׁה PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Manasseh|Ref=JOS_22:31!14|MId=o060220310141|Strong=4519 19-20 הַיּ֤וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_22:31!15|MId=o060220310151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יּ֤וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_22:31!15|MId=o060220310152|Strong=3117 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:31!15 22 יָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=we.know|Ref=JOS_22:31!16|MId=o060220310161|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:060220310021;060220300042;060220300062;060220300071;A1:060220310182;|Type=qatal 23 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JOS_22:31!17|MId=o060220310171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 24-26 בְתוֹכֵ֣נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[is]|Ref=JOS_22:31!18|MId=o060220310181|Strong=0871a 25 תוֹכ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 ccomp _ Gloss=among|Ref=JOS_22:31!18|MId=o060220310182|Strong=8432 26 ֵ֣נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_22:31!18|MId=o060220310183|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 27 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_22:31!19|MId=o060220310191|Strong=3068 28 אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_22:31!20|MId=o060220310201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_22:31!21|MId=o060220310211|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 30 מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם מָעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 22 parataxis _ Gloss=you.have.acted.unfaithfully|Ref=JOS_22:31!22|MId=o060220310221|Strong=4603|Frame=A0:060220310071;060220310101;060220310131;A1:060220310242;|Type=qatal 31-32 בַּֽיהוָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JOS_22:31!23|MId=o060220310231|Strong=0871a 32 יהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_22:31!23|MId=o060220310232|Strong=3068 33-34 הַמַּ֣עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_22:31!24|MId=o060220310241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 מַּ֣עַל מַעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=unfaithfulness|Ref=JOS_22:31!24|MId=o060220310242|Strong=4604 35-36 הַזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_22:31!25|MId=o060220310251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 זֶּ֑ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 34 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_22:31!25|MId=o060220310252|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 37 אָ֗ז אָז ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=then|Ref=JOS_22:31!26|MId=o060220310261|Strong=0227 38 הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 22 parataxis _ Gloss=you.have.delivered|Ref=JOS_22:31!27|MId=o060220310271|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:060220310071;060220310101;060220310131;A0:060220310291;|Type=qatal 39 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_22:31!28|MId=o060220310281|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 40 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 obj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_22:31!29|MId=o060220310291|Strong=1121 41 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_22:31!30|MId=o060220310301|Strong=3478 42-43 מִיַּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_22:31!31|MId=o060220310311|Strong=4480 43 יַּ֥ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JOS_22:31!31|MId=o060220310312|Strong=3027 44 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_22:31!32|MId=o060220310321|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JOS_22:31!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | פִּֽינְחָס *Phinehas* | | | | | יָדַעְנוּ *we know* | qatal · qal | פִּֽינְחָס *Phinehas* | תוֹכ *among* | | | | **not** מְעַלְתֶּם *you have acted unfaithfully* | qatal · qal | בְּנֵי־ *the descendants* + בְּנֵי־ *the descendants* + בְּנֵי *the descendants* | מַּעַל *unfaithfulness* | | | | הִצַּלְתֶּם *you have delivered* | qatal · hiphil | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | בְּנֵי־ *the descendants* + בְּנֵי־ *the descendants* + בְּנֵי *the descendants* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר פִינְחָס בַּר אֶלְעָזָר כַּהֲנָא לִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן וְלִבְנֵי גָד וְלִבְנֵי מְנַשֶׁה יוֹמָא דֵין יְדַעְנָא אֲרֵי בֵינָנָא שַׁרְיָא שְׁכִינְתָּא דַייָ דְלָא שְׁקַרְתּוּן בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ שִׁקְרָא הָדֵין בְּכֵן שֵׁיזַבְתּוּן יַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַד מֵימְרָא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh: 'This day we know that the LORD is in the midst of us, because ye have not committed this treachery against the LORD; now have ye delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.628/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:605`. - ← previous: [Joshua 22:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.30/) - next →: [Joshua 22:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.32/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/22/)