--- title: Joshua 23:2 — that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years. Who acts: Joshua, I. Joshua 23:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.23.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/23/) / 23:2 # Joshua 23:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, I · **What happens:** call, say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 23:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, I — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִזְקֵנָיו֙ וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֲנִ֣י זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים׃ [that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.633/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:610 # text = וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִזְקֵנָיו֙ וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֲנִ֣י זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.23.2 1-2 וַיִּקְרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_23:2!1|MId=o060230020011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.summoned|Ref=JOS_23:2!1|MId=o060230020012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:060230020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_23:2!2|MId=o060230020021|Strong=3091 4-5 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_23:2!3|MId=o060230020031|Strong=3807a 5 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_23:2!3|MId=o060230020032|Strong=3605 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_23:2!4|MId=o060230020041|Strong=3478 7-9 לִזְקֵנָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_23:2!5|MId=o060230020051|Strong=3807a 8 זְקֵנָי זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_23:2!5|MId=o060230020052|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 9 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=elders|Ref=JOS_23:2!5|MId=o060230020053|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-13 וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_23:2!6|MId=o060230020061|Strong=2050b 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_23:2!6|MId=o060230020062|Strong=3807a 12 רָאשָׁ֔י רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=chiefs|Ref=JOS_23:2!6|MId=o060230020063|Strong=7218 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_23:2!6|MId=o060230020064|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-17 וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_23:2!7|MId=o060230020071|Strong=2050b 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_23:2!7|MId=o060230020072|Strong=3807a 16 שֹׁפְטָ֖י שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=judges|Ref=JOS_23:2!7|MId=o060230020073|Strong=8199|Type=participle_active 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_23:2!7|MId=o060230020074|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-21 וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_23:2!8|MId=o060230020081|Strong=2050b 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_23:2!8|MId=o060230020082|Strong=3807a 20 שֹֽׁטְרָ֑י שֹׁטֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=officials|Ref=JOS_23:2!8|MId=o060230020083|Strong=7860|Type=participle_active 21 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_23:2!8|MId=o060230020084|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_23:2!9|MId=o060230020091|Strong=2050b 23 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_23:2!9|MId=o060230020092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060230020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-25 אֲלֵהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_23:2!10|MId=o060230020101|Strong=0413 25 ֵהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_23:2!10|MId=o060230020102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JOS_23:2!11|MId=o060230020111|Strong=0589|Type=personal 27 זָקַ֔נְתִּי זָקֵן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 23 ccomp _ Gloss=I.am.old|Ref=JOS_23:2!12|MId=o060230020121|Strong=2204|Frame=A0:060230020111;|Type=qatal 28 בָּ֖אתִי בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 27 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.come|Ref=JOS_23:2!13|MId=o060230020131|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060230020021;|Type=qatal 29-31 בַּיָּמִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_23:2!14|MId=o060230020141|Strong=0871a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_23:2!14|MId=o060230020141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יָּמִֽים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=JOS_23:2!14|MId=o060230020142|Strong=3117 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JOS_23:2!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he summoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | זָקַנְתִּי *I am old* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | בָּאתִי *I have come* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּקְרָא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְסָבוֹהִי וּלְרֵישׁוֹהִי וּלְדַיָנוֹהִי וּלְסַרְכוֹהִי וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן אֲנָא סִיבִית עָלִית בְּיוֹמִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them: 'I am old and well stricken in years.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.633/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:610`. - ← previous: [Joshua 23:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.23.1/) - next →: [Joshua 23:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.23.3/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/23/)