--- title: Joshua 24:13 — And I gave you a land whereon thou hadst not laboured, and cities wh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I gave you a land whereon thou hadst not laboured, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell therein; of vineyards and olive-yards which ye planted not do ye eat. Who acts: I, thou, ye. Joshua 24:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / 24:13 # Joshua 24:13 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** I, thou, ye · **What happens:** give, not labour, not build, dwell, not plant, eat · **To what, where:** land, you, cities, vineyards This is Joshua 24:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou, ye — and what happens in the verse to land, you, cities, vineyards, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָגַ֣עְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בְנִיתֶ֔ם וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֤ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם אֹכְלִֽים׃ [And I gave you a land whereon thou hadst not laboured, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell therein; of vineyards and olive-yards which ye planted not do ye eat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.660/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:637 # text = וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָגַ֣עְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בְנִיתֶ֔ם וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֤ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם אֹכְלִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.24.13 1-2 וָאֶתֵּ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:13!1|MId=o060240130011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶתֵּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.gave|Ref=JOS_24:13!1|MId=o060240130012|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060240070031;A1:060240130031;060240130082;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָכֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_24:13!2|MId=o060240130021|Strong=3807a 4 ָכֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_24:13!2|MId=o060240130022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.land|Ref=JOS_24:13!3|MId=o060240130031|Strong=0776 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:13!3 7 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_24:13!4|MId=o060240130041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_24:13!5|MId=o060240130051|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 יָגַ֣עְתָּ יָגֵעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.had.labored|Ref=JOS_24:13!6|MId=o060240130061|Strong=3021|Frame=A0:060240090082;|Type=qatal 10-11 בָּ֗הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_24:13!7|MId=o060240130071|Strong=0871a 11 ָ֗הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_24:13!7|MId=o060240130072|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְעָרִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:13!8|MId=o060240130081|Strong=2050b 13 עָרִים֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JOS_24:13!8|MId=o060240130082|Strong=5892 14 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_24:13!9|MId=o060240130091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_24:13!10|MId=o060240130101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 16 בְנִיתֶ֔ם בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.had.built|Ref=JOS_24:13!11|MId=o060240130111|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:060240090082;A1:060240130082;|Type=qatal 17-18 וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:13!12|MId=o060240130121|Strong=2050b 18 תֵּשְׁב֖וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.dwelt|Ref=JOS_24:13!12|MId=o060240130122|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060240090082;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 בָּהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_24:13!13|MId=o060240130131|Strong=0871a 20 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_24:13!13|MId=o060240130132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 כְּרָמִ֤ים כֶּרֶם NOUN _ Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=vineyards|Ref=JOS_24:13!14|MId=o060240130141|Strong=3754 22-23 וְזֵיתִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:13!15|MId=o060240130151|Strong=2050b 23 זֵיתִים֙ זַיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 conj _ Gloss=olive.trees|Ref=JOS_24:13!15|MId=o060240130152|Strong=2132 24 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_24:13!16|MId=o060240130161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_24:13!17|MId=o060240130171|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 26 נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם נָטַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.had.planted|Ref=JOS_24:13!18|MId=o060240130181|Strong=5193|Frame=A0:060240090082;A1:060240130141;060240130152;|Type=qatal 27 אַתֶּ֖ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_24:13!19|MId=o060240130191|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 28 אֹכְלִֽים אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].eating|Ref=JOS_24:13!20|MId=o060240130201|Strong=0398|Frame=A1:060240130141;060240130152;A0:060240130191;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:13!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶתֵּן *I gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | | אֶרֶץ *a land* + עָרִים *cities* | | | | **not** יָגַעְתָּ *you had labored* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** בְנִיתֶם *you had built* | qatal · qal | | עָרִים *cities* | | | | תֵּשְׁבוּ *you dwelt* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** נְטַעְתֶּם *you had planted* | qatal · qal | | כְּרָמִים *vineyards* + זֵיתִים *olive trees* | | | | אֹכְלִֽים *\[are\] eating* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | כְּרָמִים *vineyards* + זֵיתִים *olive trees* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַהֲבֵית לְכוֹן אַרְעָא דִי לָא לְאִיתוּן בָּהּ וְקִרְוִין דִי לָא בְנִיתוּן וִיתֵיבְתּוּן בְּהוֹן כַּרְמִין וְזֵיתִין דִי לָא נְצֵיבְתּוּן אַתּוּן אָכְלִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I gave you a land whereon thou hadst not laboured, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell therein; of vineyards and olive-yards which ye planted not do ye eat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.660/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:637`. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.12/) - next →: [Joshua 24:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.14/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/)