--- title: Joshua 24:15 — And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell; but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.' Who acts: you, ye, fathers, gods. J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / 24:15 # Joshua 24:15 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** you, ye, fathers, gods, we · **What happens:** seem, serve, choose, be, dwell · **To what, where:** River, LORD, you, day, gods, land This is Joshua 24:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, ye, fathers, gods, we — and what happens in the verse to River, LORD, you, day, gods, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־מִ֣י תַעֲבֹדוּן֒ אִ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶרהַנָּהָ֔ר וְאִם֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י וּבֵיתִ֔י נַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃פ [And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell; but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.662/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:639 # text = וְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־מִ֣י תַעֲבֹדוּן֒ אִ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶרהַנָּהָ֔ר וְאִם֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י וּבֵיתִ֔י נַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃פ # verse = JOS.24.15 1-2 וְאִם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:15!1|MId=o060240150011|Strong=2050b 2 אִם֩ אִם SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=JOS_24:15!1|MId=o060240150012|Strong=0518 3 רַ֨ע רעע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 advcl _ Gloss=[is].displeasing|Ref=JOS_24:15!2|MId=o060240150021|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 4-6 בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_24:15!3|MId=o060240150031|Strong=0871a 5 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 3 nmod _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=JOS_24:15!3|MId=o060240150032|Strong=5869 6 כֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_24:15!3|MId=o060240150033|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 7-8 לַעֲבֹ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_24:15!4|MId=o060240150041|Strong=3807a 8 עֲבֹ֣ד עָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 nsubj _ Gloss=serve|Ref=JOS_24:15!4|MId=o060240150042|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240090082;A1:060240150061;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:15!5|MId=o060240150051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:15!6|MId=o060240150061|Strong=3068 11 בַּחֲר֨וּ בָּחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 22 parataxis _ Gloss=choose|Ref=JOS_24:15!7|MId=o060240150071|Strong=0977|Frame=A0:060240090082;A1:060240150111;|Type=imperative 12-13 לָכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_24:15!8|MId=o060240150081|Strong=3807a 13 ָכֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=JOS_24:15!8|MId=o060240150082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 14-15 הַיּוֹם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_24:15!9|MId=o060240150091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יּוֹם֮ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_24:15!9|MId=o060240150092|Strong=3117 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:15!10|MId=o060240150101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17 מִ֣י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 11 obj _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=JOS_24:15!11|MId=o060240150111|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 18-19 תַעֲבֹדוּן֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 תַעֲבֹדוּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 17 acl _ Gloss=will|Ref=JOS_24:15!12|MId=o060240150121|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240090082;A1:060240150111;|Type=yiqtol 19 ן֒ נ X _ _ 18 nmod _ Gloss=you.serve|Ref=JOS_24:15!12|MId=o060240150122|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 20 אִ֣ם אִם SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=whether|Ref=JOS_24:15!13|MId=o060240150131|Strong=0518 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:15!14|MId=o060240150141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22 אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[the].gods|Ref=JOS_24:15!15|MId=o060240150151|Strong=0430 23 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_24:15!16|MId=o060240150161|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 24 עָבְד֣וּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.served|Ref=JOS_24:15!17|MId=o060240150171|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240150181;A1:060240150151;|Type=qatal 25-26 אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֲבוֹתֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=JOS_24:15!18|MId=o060240150181|Strong=0001 26 כֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_24:15!18|MId=o060240150182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_24:15!19|MId=o060240150191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 28-31 מֵעֵ֣בֶרהַנָּהָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[were].from|Ref=JOS_24:15!21|MId=o060240150211|Strong=4480 29 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_24:15!21|MId=o060240150212|Strong=5676 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_24:15!22|MId=o060240150221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 נָּהָ֔ר נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.river|Ref=JOS_24:15!22|MId=o060240150222|Strong=5104 32-33 וְאִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:15!23|MId=o060240150231|Strong=2050b 33 אִם֙ אִם SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=or|Ref=JOS_24:15!23|MId=o060240150232|Strong=0518 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:15!24|MId=o060240150241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 conj _ Gloss=the.gods|Ref=JOS_24:15!25|MId=o060240150251|Strong=0430 36-37 הָאֱמֹרִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_24:15!26|MId=o060240150261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 אֱמֹרִ֔י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_24:15!26|MId=o060240150262|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 38 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=JOS_24:15!27|MId=o060240150271|Strong=0834|Type=relative 39 אַתֶּ֖ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_24:15!28|MId=o060240150281|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 40 יֹשְׁבִ֣ים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 37 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].dwelling|Ref=JOS_24:15!29|MId=o060240150291|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060240150281;|Type=participle_active 41-43 בְּאַרְצָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_24:15!30|MId=o060240150301|Strong=0871a 42 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_24:15!30|MId=o060240150302|Strong=0776 43 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_24:15!30|MId=o060240150303|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 44-45 וְאָנֹכִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:15!31|MId=o060240150311|Strong=2050b 45 אָנֹכִ֣י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JOS_24:15!31|MId=o060240150312|Strong=0595|Type=personal 46-48 וּבֵיתִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:15!32|MId=o060240150321|Strong=2050b 47 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 conj _ Gloss=household|Ref=JOS_24:15!32|MId=o060240150322|Strong=1004 48 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOS_24:15!32|MId=o060240150323|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 49 נַעֲבֹ֖ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 22 conj _ Gloss=we.will.serve|Ref=JOS_24:15!33|MId=o060240150331|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240150312;060240150322;A1:060240150351;|Type=yiqtol 50 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 51 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:15!34|MId=o060240150341|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 51 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 49 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:15!35|MId=o060240150351|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 52 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 51 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:15!35|SpaceAfter=No 53 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 51 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:15!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֲבֹד *serve* | infinitive construct · qal | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | בַּחֲרוּ *choose* | imperative · qal | | מִי *whom?* | | | | תַעֲבֹדוּ *will* | yiqtol · qal | | מִי *whom?* | | | | עָבְדוּ *they served* | qatal · qal | אֲבוֹתֵי *ancestors* | אֱלֹהִים *\[the\] gods* | | | | יֹשְׁבִים *\[are\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | | נַעֲבֹד *we will serve* | yiqtol · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* + בֵית *household* | יְהוָֽה *Yahweh* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִם בִּישׁ בְּעֵינֵיכוֹן לְמִפְלַח קֳדָם יְיָ בְּחָרוּ לְכוֹן יוֹמָא דֵין קֳדָם מָן תִּפְלְחוּן אִם יַת טַעֲוָתָא דִי פְלַחוּ אֲבָהַתְכוֹן דִבְעִיבְרָא דִפְרָת וְאִם יַת טַעֲוַת אֱמוֹרָאֵי דִי אַתּוּן יַתְבִין בְּאַרְעֲהוֹן בְּרַם אֲנָא וֶאֱנַשׁ בֵּיתִי נִפְלַח קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell; but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.662/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:639`. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.14/) - next →: [Joshua 24:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.16/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/)