--- title: Joshua 24:18 — and the LORD drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and the LORD drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amorites that dwelt in the land; therefore we also will serve the LORD; for He is our God.' Who acts: LORD, Amorites, we. Joshua 24:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / 24:18 # Joshua 24:18 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** LORD, Amorites, we · **What happens:** drive out, dwell, serve, be · **To what, where:** peoples, land, LORD, God This is Joshua 24:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Amorites, we — and what happens in the verse to peoples, land, LORD, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ס [and the LORD drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amorites that dwelt in the land; therefore we also will serve the LORD; for He is our God.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.665/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:642 # text = וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ס # verse = JOS.24.18 1-2 וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:18!1|MId=o060240180011|Strong=2050b 2 יְגָ֨רֶשׁ גָּרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.drove.out|Ref=JOS_24:18!1|MId=o060240180012|Strong=1644|Frame=A0:060240180021;A1:060240180052;060240180072;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:18!2|MId=o060240180021|Strong=3068 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:18!3|MId=o060240180031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_24:18!4|MId=o060240180041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָעַמִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_24:18!5|MId=o060240180051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עַמִּ֗ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=JOS_24:18!5|MId=o060240180052|Strong=5971 8-9 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:18!6|MId=o060240180061|Strong=2050b 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:18!6|MId=o060240180062|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 10-11 הָאֱמֹרִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_24:18!7|MId=o060240180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אֱמֹרִ֛י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_24:18!7|MId=o060240180072|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 12 יֹשֵׁ֥ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=[who.was].dwelling|Ref=JOS_24:18!8|MId=o060240180081|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060240180072;|Type=participle_active 13-14 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_24:18!9|MId=o060240180091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JOS_24:18!9|MId=o060240180092|Strong=0776 15-17 מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_24:18!10|MId=o060240180101|Strong=4480 16 פָּנֵ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_24:18!10|MId=o060240180102|Strong=6440 17 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_24:18!10|MId=o060240180103|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 18 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=JOS_24:18!11|MId=o060240180111|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 19 אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JOS_24:18!12|MId=o060240180121|Strong=0587|Type=personal 20 נַעֲבֹ֣ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=we.will.serve|Ref=JOS_24:18!13|MId=o060240180131|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240180121;A1:060240180151;|Type=yiqtol 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:18!14|MId=o060240180141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 20 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:18!15|MId=o060240180151|Strong=3068 23 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_24:18!16|MId=o060240180161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 24 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_24:18!17|MId=o060240180171|Strong=1931|Type=personal 25-26 אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֱלֹהֵֽי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOS_24:18!18|MId=o060240180181|Strong=0430 26 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].our|Ref=JOS_24:18!18|MId=o060240180182|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:18!18|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְגָרֶשׁ *he drove out* | wayyiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | עַמִּים *peoples* + אֱמֹרִי *Amorite\[s\]* | | | | יֹשֵׁב *\[who was\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | אֱמֹרִי *Amorite\[s\]* | | | | | נַעֲבֹד *we will serve* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתָרֵיךְ יְיָ יַת כָּל עַמְמַיָא וְיַת אֱמוֹרָאָה יָתֵיב אַרְעָא מִן קֳדָמָנָא אַף אֲנַחְנָא נִפְלַח קֳדָם יְיָ אֲרֵי הוּא אֱלָהָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and the LORD drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amorites that dwelt in the land; therefore we also will serve the LORD; for He is our God.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.665/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:642`. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.17/) - next →: [Joshua 24:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.19/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/)