--- title: Joshua 24:2 — And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods. Who acts: Joshua, LORD, fathers. Joshua 24:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / 24:2 # Joshua 24:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, LORD, fathers · **What happens:** say, dwell, serve · **To what, where:** River, other gods · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 24:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, LORD, fathers — and what happens in the verse to River, other gods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָשְׁב֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ [And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.649/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:626 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָשְׁב֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.24.2 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:2!1|MId=o060240020011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_24:2!1|MId=o060240020012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060240020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_24:2!2|MId=o060240020021|Strong=3091 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_24:2!3|MId=o060240020031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_24:2!4|MId=o060240020041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_24:2!5|MId=o060240020051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_24:2!5|MId=o060240020052|Strong=5971 8 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JOS_24:2!6|MId=o060240020061|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 9 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=JOS_24:2!7|MId=o060240020071|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060240020081;|Type=qatal 10 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:2!8|MId=o060240020081|Strong=3068 11 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=JOS_24:2!9|MId=o060240020091|Strong=0430 12 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_24:2!10|MId=o060240020101|Strong=3478 13-14 בְּעֵ֣בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_24:2!11|MId=o060240020111|Strong=0871a 14 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_24:2!11|MId=o060240020112|Strong=5676 15-16 הַנָּהָ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_24:2!12|MId=o060240020121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 נָּהָ֗ר נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.river|Ref=JOS_24:2!12|MId=o060240020122|Strong=5104 17 יָשְׁב֤וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 ccomp _ Gloss=they.dwelt|Ref=JOS_24:2!13|MId=o060240020131|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060240020141;|Type=qatal 18-19 אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֲבֽוֹתֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=JOS_24:2!14|MId=o060240020141|Strong=0001 19 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_24:2!14|MId=o060240020142|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 20-21 מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_24:2!15|MId=o060240020151|Strong=4480 21 עוֹלָ֔ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=long.ago|Ref=JOS_24:2!15|MId=o060240020152|Strong=5769 22 תֶּ֛רַח תֶּרַח PROPN _ _ 18 appos _ Gloss=Terah|Ref=JOS_24:2!16|MId=o060240020161|Strong=8646 23 אֲבִ֥י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=the.father|Ref=JOS_24:2!17|MId=o060240020171|Strong=0001 24 אַבְרָהָ֖ם אַבְרָהָם PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Abraham|Ref=JOS_24:2!18|MId=o060240020181|Strong=0085 25-26 וַאֲבִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:2!19|MId=o060240020191|Strong=2050b 26 אֲבִ֣י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=the.father|Ref=JOS_24:2!19|MId=o060240020192|Strong=0001 27 נָח֑וֹר נָחוֹר PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nahor|Ref=JOS_24:2!20|MId=o060240020201|Strong=5152 28-29 וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:2!21|MId=o060240020211|Strong=2050b 29 יַּעַבְד֖וּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.served|Ref=JOS_24:2!21|MId=o060240020212|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240020141;A1:060240020221;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 obj _ Gloss=gods|Ref=JOS_24:2!22|MId=o060240020221|Strong=0430 31 אֲחֵרִֽים אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 amod _ Gloss=other|Ref=JOS_24:2!23|MId=o060240020231|Strong=0312|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:2!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יָשְׁבוּ *they dwelt* | qatal · qal | אֲבֽוֹתֵי *ancestors* | | | | | יַּעַבְדוּ *they served* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבֽוֹתֵי *ancestors* | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְכָל עַמָא כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעִבַּר פְּרָת יְתַבוּ אֲבָהַתְכוֹן מֵעַלְמָא תֶּרַח אֲבוּהִי דְאַבְרָהָם וַאֲבוּהִי דְנָחוֹר וּפְלָחוּ לְטַעֲוַת עַמְמַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua said unto all the people: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.649/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:626`. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.1/) - next →: [Joshua 24:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.3/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/)