--- title: Joshua 24:31 — And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that He had wrought for Israel. Who acts: Israel, elders, Joshua, LORD. Joshua 24:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / 24:31 # Joshua 24:31 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Israel, elders, Joshua, LORD · **What happens:** serve, outlive, know, wrought, work · **To what, where:** LORD, Joshua, work This is Joshua 24:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, elders, Joshua, LORD — and what happens in the verse to LORD, Joshua, work, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that He had wrought for Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.678/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:655 # text = וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = JOS.24.31 1-2 וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:31!1|MId=o060240310011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲבֹ֤ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.served|Ref=JOS_24:31!1|MId=o060240310012|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:060240310021;A1:060240310041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_24:31!2|MId=o060240310021|Strong=3478 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:31!3|MId=o060240310031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:31!4|MId=o060240310041|Strong=3068 6 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_24:31!5|MId=o060240310051|Strong=3605 7 יְמֵ֣י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=JOS_24:31!6|MId=o060240310061|Strong=3117 8 יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joshua|Ref=JOS_24:31!7|MId=o060240310071|Strong=3091 9-10 וְכֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:31!8|MId=o060240310081|Strong=2050b 10 כֹ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_24:31!8|MId=o060240310082|Strong=3605 11 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:31!8 12 יְמֵ֣י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=JOS_24:31!9|MId=o060240310091|Strong=3117 13-14 הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_24:31!10|MId=o060240310101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 זְּקֵנִ֗ים זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.old.[men]|Ref=JOS_24:31!10|MId=o060240310102|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 15 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_24:31!11|MId=o060240310111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ אָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.made.long|Ref=JOS_24:31!12|MId=o060240310121|Strong=0748|Frame=AA:060240310102;A0:060240310131;|Type=qatal 17 יָמִים֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=days|Ref=JOS_24:31!13|MId=o060240310131|Strong=3117 18 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JOS_24:31!14|MId=o060240310141|Strong=0310 19 יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_24:31!15|MId=o060240310151|Strong=3091 20-21 וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:31!16|MId=o060240310161|Strong=2050b 21 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_24:31!16|MId=o060240310162|Strong=0834|Type=relative 22 יָדְע֗וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=they.knew|Ref=JOS_24:31!17|MId=o060240310171|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:060240310102;A1:060240310201;|Type=qatal 23 אֵ֚ת אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:31!18|MId=o060240310181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 24 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_24:31!19|MId=o060240310191|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 25 מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.work|Ref=JOS_24:31!20|MId=o060240310201|Strong=4639 26 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:31!21|MId=o060240310211|Strong=3068 27 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_24:31!22|MId=o060240310221|Strong=0834|Type=relative 28 עָשָׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=JOS_24:31!23|MId=o060240310231|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060240310211;A1:060240310201;|Type=qatal 29-30 לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_24:31!24|MId=o060240310241|Strong=3807a 30 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 28 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_24:31!24|MId=o060240310242|Strong=3478 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:31!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲבֹד *it served* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | הֶאֱרִיכוּ *they made long* | qatal · hiphil | יָמִים *days* | | | זְּקֵנִים *the old \[men\]* | | יָדְעוּ *they knew* | qatal · qal | זְּקֵנִים *the old \[men\]* | מַעֲשֵׂה *the work* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | מַעֲשֵׂה *the work* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפְלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם יְיָ כָּל יוֹמֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל יוֹמֵי סָבַיָא דִי אוֹרִיכוּ יוֹמִין בָּתַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְדִי יְדָעוּ יַת כָּל עוֹבְדָא דַייָ דִי עֲבַד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that He had wrought for Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.678/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:655`. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.30/) - next →: [Joshua 24:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.32/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/)