--- title: Joshua 24:7 — And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days. Who acts: Egyptians, LORD, eyes, I. Joshua 24:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/) / 24:7 # Joshua 24:7 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Egyptians, LORD, eyes, I, ye · **What happens:** cry out, put, bring, cover, see, do · **To what, where:** darkness, sea, Egyptians, Egypt, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 24:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Egyptians, LORD, eyes, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to darkness, sea, Egyptians, Egypt, wilderness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ [And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.654/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:631 # text = וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ # verse = JOS.24.7 1-2 וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!1|MId=o060240070011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּצְעֲק֣וּ צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.cried.out|Ref=JOS_24:7!1|MId=o060240070012|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:060240060101;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_24:7!2|MId=o060240070021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_24:7!3|MId=o060240070031|Strong=3068 5-6 וַיָּ֨שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!4|MId=o060240070041|Strong=2050b 6 יָּ֨שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=JOS_24:7!4|MId=o060240070042|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:060240070031;A1:060240070051;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל מַאֲפֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=JOS_24:7!5|MId=o060240070051|Strong=3990 8-9 בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בֵּינֵי בֵּין ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JOS_24:7!6|MId=o060240070061|Strong=0996 9 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_24:7!6|MId=o060240070062|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:7!6 11-12 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!7|MId=o060240070071|Strong=2050b 12 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JOS_24:7!7|MId=o060240070072|Strong=0996 13-14 הַמִּצְרִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_24:7!8|MId=o060240070081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מִּצְרִ֗ים מִצְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=Egyptians|Ref=JOS_24:7!8|MId=o060240070082|Strong=4713|Type=gentilic 15-16 וַיָּבֵ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!9|MId=o060240070091|Strong=2050b 16 יָּבֵ֨א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.brought|Ref=JOS_24:7!9|MId=o060240070092|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:060240070031;A0:060240070122;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 עָלָ֤יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עָלָ֤י עַל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JOS_24:7!10|MId=o060240070101|Strong=5921 18 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_24:7!10|MId=o060240070102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:7!11|MId=o060240070111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַיָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_24:7!12|MId=o060240070121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 יָּם֙ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JOS_24:7!12|MId=o060240070122|Strong=3220 22-24 וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!13|MId=o060240070131|Strong=2050b 23 יְכַסּ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_24:7!13|MId=o060240070132|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:060240070122;A1:060240070133;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=covered.it|Ref=JOS_24:7!13|MId=o060240070133|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!14|MId=o060240070141|Strong=2050b 26 תִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=JOS_24:7!14|MId=o060240070142|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:060240070151;A1:060240070181;|Type=wayyiqtol 27-28 עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 26 nsubj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=JOS_24:7!15|MId=o060240070151|Strong=5869 28 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.own|Ref=JOS_24:7!15|MId=o060240070152|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 29 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 26 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_24:7!16|MId=o060240070161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 30 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=JOS_24:7!17|MId=o060240070171|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 31 עָשִׂ֖יתִי עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.did|Ref=JOS_24:7!18|MId=o060240070181|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060240070031;|Type=qatal 32-33 בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_24:7!19|MId=o060240070191|Strong=0871a 33 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 31 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=JOS_24:7!19|MId=o060240070192|Strong=4714 34-35 וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_24:7!20|MId=o060240070201|Strong=2050b 35 תֵּשְׁב֥וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.dwelt|Ref=JOS_24:7!20|MId=o060240070202|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060240020101;|Type=wayyiqtol 36-38 בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_24:7!21|MId=o060240070211|Strong=0871a 37 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_24:7!21|MId=o060240070211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 מִּדְבָּ֖ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=JOS_24:7!21|MId=o060240070212|Strong=4057 39 יָמִ֥ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=JOS_24:7!22|MId=o060240070221|Strong=3117 40 רַבִּֽים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 39 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=JOS_24:7!23|MId=o060240070231|Strong=7227|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_24:7!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּצְעֲקוּ *they cried out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מַֽאֲפֵל *darkness* | | | | יָּבֵא *he brought* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יָּם *sea* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יְכַסּ *it* | wayyiqtol · piel | יָּם *sea* | ֵהוּ *covered it* | | | | תִּרְאֶינָה *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֵינֵי *eyes* | עָשִׂיתִי *I did* | | | | עָשִׂיתִי *I did* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | תֵּשְׁבוּ *you dwelt* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּצְעִיקוּ קֳדָם יְיָ וְשַׁוִי קְבָלָא בֵּינֵיכוֹן וּבֵין מִצְרָאֵי וְאַיְתֵי עֲלוֹהִי יַת יַמָא וַחֲפָנוּן וַחֲזָאָה עֵינֵיכוֹן יַת דִי עַבְדֵית בְּמִצְרַיִם וִיתֵיבְתּוּן בְּמַדְבְּרָא יוֹמִין סַגִיאִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when they cried out unto the LORD, He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt; and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.654/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:631`. - ← previous: [Joshua 24:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.6/) - next →: [Joshua 24:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.8/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/24/)