--- title: Joshua 3:1 — And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shitt… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over. Who acts: Joshua, they, children. Joshua 3:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/) / 3:1 # Joshua 3:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, they, children · **What happens:** rise up, remove, come, lodge, pass over · **To what, where:** Shittim, Jordan This is Joshua 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, they, children — and what happens in the verse to Shittim, Jordan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ בַּבֹּ֜קֶר וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֖וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּלִ֥נוּ שָׁ֖ם טֶ֥רֶם יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ [And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.43/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:42 # text = וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ בַּבֹּ֜קֶר וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֖וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּלִ֥נוּ שָׁ֖ם טֶ֥רֶם יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ # verse = JOS.3.1 1-2 וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:1!1|MId=o060030010011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּשְׁכֵּם֩ שָׁכַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.rose.early|Ref=JOS_3:1!1|MId=o060030010012|Strong=7925|Frame=A0:060030010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_3:1!2|MId=o060030010021|Strong=3091 4-6 בַּבֹּ֜קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_3:1!3|MId=o060030010031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:1!3|MId=o060030010031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 בֹּ֜קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=JOS_3:1!3|MId=o060030010032|Strong=1242 7-8 וַיִּסְע֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:1!4|MId=o060030010041|Strong=2050b 8 יִּסְע֣וּ נָסַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.set.out|Ref=JOS_3:1!4|MId=o060030010042|Strong=5265|Frame=A0:060030010021;060030010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-11 מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_3:1!5|MId=o060030010051|Strong=4480 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_3:1!5|MId=o060030010052|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 שִּׁטִּ֗ים שִׁטִּים PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Shittim|Ref=JOS_3:1!5|MId=o060030010053|Strong=7851 12-13 וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:1!6|MId=o060030010061|Strong=2050b 13 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JOS_3:1!6|MId=o060030010062|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060030010091;060030010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_3:1!7|MId=o060030010071|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:1!8|MId=o060030010081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JOS_3:1!8|MId=o060030010082|Strong=3383 17 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_3:1!9|MId=o060030010091|Strong=1931|Type=personal 18-19 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:1!10|MId=o060030010101|Strong=2050b 19 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_3:1!10|MId=o060030010102|Strong=3605 20 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_3:1!11|MId=o060030010111|Strong=1121 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_3:1!12|MId=o060030010121|Strong=3478 22-23 וַיָּלִ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:1!13|MId=o060030010131|Strong=2050b 23 יָּלִ֥נוּ לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.stayed|Ref=JOS_3:1!13|MId=o060030010132|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:060030010021;060030010111;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 שָׁ֖ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JOS_3:1!14|MId=o060030010141|Strong=8033 25 טֶ֥רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_3:1!15|MId=o060030010151|Strong=2962 26 יַעֲבֹֽרוּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 23 parataxis _ Gloss=they.passed.over|Ref=JOS_3:1!16|MId=o060030010161|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060030010021;060030010111;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JOS_3:1!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּשְׁכֵּם *he rose early* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יִּסְעוּ *they set out* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | יָּלִנוּ *they stayed* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | יַעֲבֹֽרוּ *they passed over* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַקְדֵים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּצַפְרָא וּנְטַלוּ מִשִׁטִין וַאֲתוֹ עַד יַרְדְנָא הוּא וְכָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבָתוּ תַמָן קֳדָם יַעַבְּרוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and they removed from Shittim, and came to the Jordan, he and all the children of Israel; and they lodged there before they passed over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.43/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:42`. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.24/) - next →: [Joshua 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.2/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/)