--- title: Joshua 3:14 — And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests that bore the ark of the covenant being before the people; Who acts: space, people, priests. Joshua 3:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/) / 3:14 # Joshua 3:14 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** space, people, priests · **What happens:** come, pass, remove, bear, be · **To what, where:** priests, tents, Jordan, ark This is Joshua 3:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — space, people, priests — and what happens in the verse to priests, tents, Jordan, ark, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֗י בִּנְסֹ֤עַ הָעָם֙ מֵאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים נֹֽשְׂאֵ֛י הָאָר֥וֹן הַבְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ [And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests that bore the ark of the covenant being before the people;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.56/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:55 # text = וַיְהִ֗י בִּנְסֹ֤עַ הָעָם֙ מֵאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים נֹֽשְׂאֵ֛י הָאָר֥וֹן הַבְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.3.14 1-2 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:14!1|MId=o060030140011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_3:14!1|MId=o060030140012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בִּנְסֹ֤עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_3:14!2|MId=o060030140021|Strong=0871a 4 נְסֹ֤עַ נָסַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=set.out|Ref=JOS_3:14!2|MId=o060030140022|Strong=5265|Frame=A0:060030140032;|Type=infinitive_construct 5-6 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:14!3|MId=o060030140031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_3:14!3|MId=o060030140032|Strong=5971 7-9 מֵאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_3:14!4|MId=o060030140041|Strong=4480 8 אָ֣הֳלֵי אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=tents|Ref=JOS_3:14!4|MId=o060030140042|Strong=0168 9 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_3:14!4|MId=o060030140043|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 לַעֲבֹ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_3:14!5|MId=o060030140051|Strong=3807a 11 עֲבֹ֖ר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 4 advcl _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=JOS_3:14!5|MId=o060030140052|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060030140032;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_3:14!6|MId=o060030140061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:14!7|MId=o060030140071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JOS_3:14!7|MId=o060030140072|Strong=3383 15-17 וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:14!8|MId=o060030140081|Strong=2050b 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:14!8|MId=o060030140082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 כֹּהֲנִ֗ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=JOS_3:14!8|MId=o060030140083|Strong=3548 18 נֹֽשְׂאֵ֛י נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 17 appos _ Gloss=[who].carry|Ref=JOS_3:14!9|MId=o060030140091|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:060030140083;A1:060030140102;|Type=participle_active 19-20 הָאָר֥וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(of).the|Ref=JOS_3:14!10|MId=o060030140101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אָר֥וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=ark|Ref=JOS_3:14!10|MId=o060030140102|Strong=0727 21-22 הַבְּרִ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:14!11|MId=o060030140111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 בְּרִ֖ית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 appos _ Gloss=covenant|Ref=JOS_3:14!11|MId=o060030140112|Strong=1285 23-24 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[were]|Ref=JOS_3:14!12|MId=o060030140121|Strong=3807a 24 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_3:14!12|MId=o060030140122|Strong=6440 25-26 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:14!13|MId=o060030140131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_3:14!13|MId=o060030140132|Strong=5971 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=JOS_3:14!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נְסֹעַ *set out* | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | עֲבֹר *pass over* | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | נֹֽשְׂאֵי *\[who\] carry* | participle active · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | אָרוֹן *ark* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד נְטַלוּ עַמָא מְקִרְוֵיהוֹן לְמֶעֱבַּר יַת יַרְדְנָא וְכַהֲנַיָא נַטְלֵי אֲרוֹנָא דִקְיָמָא קֳדָם עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests that bore the ark of the covenant being before the people;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.56/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:55`. - ← previous: [Joshua 3:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.13/) - next →: [Joshua 3:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.15/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/)