--- title: Joshua 3:17 — And the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the midst of the Jordan, while all Israel passed over on dry ground, until all the nation were passed clean over the Jordan. Who acts: priests, Israel, LORD. Joshua 3:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/) / 3:17 # Joshua 3:17 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** priests, Israel, LORD · **What happens:** bear, stand, pass over, pass, covenant · **To what, where:** ark, dry ground, nation, Jordan This is Joshua 3:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — priests, Israel, LORD — and what happens in the verse to ark, dry ground, nation, Jordan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעַמְד֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹ֠שְׂאֵי הָאָר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֜ה בֶּחָֽרָבָ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הָכֵ֑ן וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֹֽבְרִים֙ בֶּחָ֣רָבָ֔ה עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֙מּוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּ֔וֹי לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ [And the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the midst of the Jordan, while all Israel passed over on dry ground, until all the nation were passed clean over the Jordan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.59/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:58 # text = וַיַּעַמְד֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹ֠שְׂאֵי הָאָר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֜ה בֶּחָֽרָבָ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הָכֵ֑ן וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֹֽבְרִים֙ בֶּחָ֣רָבָ֔ה עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֙מּוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּ֔וֹי לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ # verse = JOS.3.17 1-2 וַיַּעַמְד֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:17!1|MId=o060030170011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעַמְד֣וּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.stood|Ref=JOS_3:17!1|MId=o060030170012|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060030170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:17!2|MId=o060030170021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 כֹּהֲנִ֡ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=JOS_3:17!2|MId=o060030170022|Strong=3548 5 נֹ֠שְׂאֵי נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 4 appos _ Gloss=[who].carry|Ref=JOS_3:17!3|MId=o060030170031|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:060030170022;A1:060030170042;|Type=participle_active 6-7 הָאָר֨וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(of).the|Ref=JOS_3:17!4|MId=o060030170041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָר֨וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=ark|Ref=JOS_3:17!4|MId=o060030170042|Strong=0727 8 בְּרִית־ בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.covenant|Ref=JOS_3:17!5|MId=o060030170051|Strong=1285|SpaceAfter=No 9 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_3:17!6|MId=o060030170061|Strong=3068 10-12 בֶּחָֽרָבָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בֶּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_3:17!7|MId=o060030170071|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the.dry|Ref=JOS_3:17!7|MId=o060030170071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 חָֽרָבָ֛ה חָרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=JOS_3:17!7|MId=o060030170072|Strong=2724 13-14 בְּת֥וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_3:17!8|MId=o060030170081|Strong=0871a 14 ת֥וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_3:17!8|MId=o060030170082|Strong=8432 15-16 הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_3:17!9|MId=o060030170091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יַּרְדֵּ֖ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_3:17!9|MId=o060030170092|Strong=3383 17 הָכֵ֑ן כּוּן VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 obl:npmod _ Gloss=firmly|Ref=JOS_3:17!10|MId=o060030170101|Strong=3559|Type=infinitive_absolute 18-19 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_3:17!11|MId=o060030170111|Strong=2050b 19 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_3:17!11|MId=o060030170112|Strong=3605 20 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_3:17!12|MId=o060030170121|Strong=3478 21 עֹֽבְרִים֙ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].passing.over|Ref=JOS_3:17!13|MId=o060030170131|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060030170121;|Type=participle_active 22-24 בֶּחָ֣רָבָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בֶּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_3:17!14|MId=o060030170141|Strong=0871a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the.dry|Ref=JOS_3:17!14|MId=o060030170141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 חָ֣רָבָ֔ה חָרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=JOS_3:17!14|MId=o060030170142|Strong=2724 25 עַ֤ד עַד ADP _ _ 21 parataxis _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_3:17!15|MId=o060030170151|Strong=5704 26 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_3:17!16|MId=o060030170161|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 27 תַּ֙מּוּ֙ תָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 parataxis _ Gloss=they.had.finished|Ref=JOS_3:17!17|MId=o060030170171|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:060030170192;|Type=qatal 28 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_3:17!18|MId=o060030170181|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הַגּ֔וֹי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:17!19|MId=o060030170191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 גּ֔וֹי גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nation|Ref=JOS_3:17!19|MId=o060030170192|Strong=1471 31-32 לַעֲבֹ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_3:17!20|MId=o060030170201|Strong=3807a 32 עֲבֹ֖ר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 advcl _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=JOS_3:17!20|MId=o060030170202|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060030170192;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_3:17!21|MId=o060030170211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַיַּרְדֵּֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_3:17!22|MId=o060030170221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 יַּרְדֵּֽן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JOS_3:17!22|MId=o060030170222|Strong=3383 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JOS_3:17!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַמְדוּ *they stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | | | | | נֹשְׂאֵי *\[who\] carry* | participle active · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | אָרוֹן *ark* | | | | עֹֽבְרִים *\[were\] passing over* | participle active · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | תַּמּוּ *they had finished* | qatal · qal | גּוֹי *nation* | | | | | עֲבֹר *pass over* | infinitive construct · qal | גּוֹי *nation* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָמוּ כַהֲנַיָא נַטְלֵי אֲרוֹן קַיָמָא דַייָ בְּיַבֶּשְׁתָּא בְּגוֹ יַרְדְנָא מְתַקְנַיָא וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל עָבְרִין בְּיַבֶּשְׁתָּא עַד דִשְׁלִימוּ כָּל עַמָא לְמֶעְבַּר יַת יַרְדְנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the priests that bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the midst of the Jordan, while all Israel passed over on dry ground, until all the nation were passed clean over the Jordan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.59/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:58`. - ← previous: [Joshua 3:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.3.16/) - next →: [Joshua 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.1/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/3/)