--- title: Joshua 4:10 — And the priests that bore the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the priests that bore the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua; and the people hastened and passed over. Who acts: priests, LORD, Moses, people. Joshua 4:10 in He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/) / 4:10 # Joshua 4:10 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** priests, LORD, Moses, people · **What happens:** bear, stand, finish, command, speak, accord · **To what, where:** ark, midst, thing, Joshua · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — priests, LORD, Moses, people — and what happens in the verse to ark, midst, thing, Joshua, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָאָר֗וֹן עֹמְדִים֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ עַ֣ד תֹּ֣ם כָּֽל־הַ֠דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֔ם כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְמַהֲר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ [And the priests that bore the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua; and the people hastened and passed over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.69/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:68 # text = וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָאָר֗וֹן עֹמְדִים֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ עַ֣ד תֹּ֣ם כָּֽל־הַ֠דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֔ם כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְמַהֲר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ # verse = JOS.4.10 1-3 וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:10!1|MId=o060040100011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:10!1|MId=o060040100012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 כֹּהֲנִ֞ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=JOS_4:10!1|MId=o060040100013|Strong=3548 4 נֹשְׂאֵ֣י נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=[who].carry|Ref=JOS_4:10!2|MId=o060040100021|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:060040100013;A1:060040100032;|Type=participle_active 5-6 הָאָר֗וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(of).the|Ref=JOS_4:10!3|MId=o060040100031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אָר֗וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=ark|Ref=JOS_4:10!3|MId=o060040100032|Strong=0727 7 עֹמְדִים֮ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].standing|Ref=JOS_4:10!4|MId=o060040100041|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060040100013;|Type=participle_active 8-9 בְּת֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_4:10!5|MId=o060040100051|Strong=0871a 9 ת֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_4:10!5|MId=o060040100052|Strong=8432 10-11 הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_4:10!6|MId=o060040100061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 יַּרְדֵּן֒ יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_4:10!6|MId=o060040100062|Strong=3383 12 עַ֣ד עַד ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_4:10!7|MId=o060040100071|Strong=5704 13 תֹּ֣ם תָּמַם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=was.finished|Ref=JOS_4:10!8|MId=o060040100081|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:060040100102;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 כָּֽל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=JOS_4:10!9|MId=o060040100091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַ֠דָּבָר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_4:10!10|MId=o060040100101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 דָּבָר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=thing|Ref=JOS_4:10!10|MId=o060040100102|Strong=1697 17 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_4:10!11|MId=o060040100111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 18 צִוָּ֨ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=JOS_4:10!12|MId=o060040100121|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060040100131;A1:060040100151;|Type=qatal 19 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_4:10!13|MId=o060040100131|Strong=3068 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_4:10!14|MId=o060040100141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 18 obj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_4:10!15|MId=o060040100151|Strong=3091 22-23 לְדַבֵּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_4:10!16|MId=o060040100161|Strong=3807a 23 דַבֵּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 18 xcomp _ Gloss=speak|Ref=JOS_4:10!16|MId=o060040100162|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:060040100151;A1:060040100102;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_4:10!17|MId=o060040100171|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:10!18|MId=o060040100181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_4:10!18|MId=o060040100182|Strong=5971 27-28 כְּכֹ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=JOS_4:10!19|MId=o060040100191|Strong=3509a 28 כֹ֛ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=to.all|Ref=JOS_4:10!19|MId=o060040100192|Strong=3605 29 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_4:10!20|MId=o060040100201|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 30 צִוָּ֥ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=JOS_4:10!21|MId=o060040100211|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060040100221;A2:060040100241;A1:060040100192;|Type=qatal 31 מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=JOS_4:10!22|MId=o060040100221|Strong=4872 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_4:10!23|MId=o060040100231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33 יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 30 obj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_4:10!24|MId=o060040100241|Strong=3091 34-35 וַיְמַהֲר֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:10!25|MId=o060040100251|Strong=2050b 35 יְמַהֲר֥וּ מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.hurried|Ref=JOS_4:10!25|MId=o060040100252|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:060040100262;|Type=wayyiqtol 36-37 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:10!26|MId=o060040100261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_4:10!26|MId=o060040100262|Strong=5971 38-39 וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:10!27|MId=o060040100271|Strong=2050b 39 יַּעֲבֹֽרוּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.passed.over|Ref=JOS_4:10!27|MId=o060040100272|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060040100262;|Type=wayyiqtol 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=JOS_4:10!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נֹשְׂאֵי *\[who\] carry* | participle active · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | אָרוֹן *ark* | | | | עֹמְדִים *\[were\] standing* | participle active · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | | | | | תֹּם *was finished* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | כֹל *to all* | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | יְמַהֲרוּ *they hurried* | wayyiqtol · piel | עָם *people* | | | | | יַּעֲבֹֽרוּ *they passed over* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְכַהֲנַיָא נַטְלֵי אֲרוֹנָא קַיְמִין בְּגוֹ יַרְדְנָא עַד דִשְׁלִים כָּל פִּתְגָמָא דְפַקֵיד יְיָ יַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְמַלָלָא עִם עַמָא כְּכֹל דְפַקֵיד מֹשֶׁה יַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְאוֹחִיאוּ עַמָא וַעֲבָרוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the priests that bore the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua; and the people hastened and passed over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.69/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:68`. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.9/) - next →: [Joshua 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/)