--- title: Joshua 4:11 — And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, tha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed on, and the priests, before the people. Who acts: thing, ark. Joshua 4:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/) / 4:11 # Joshua 4:11 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** thing, ark · **What happens:** come, pass, pass over, pass on This is Joshua 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thing, ark — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֛י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַֽעֲב֑וֹר וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ [And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed on, and the priests, before the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.70/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:69 # text = וַיְהִ֛י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַֽעֲב֑וֹר וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.4.11 1-2 וַיְהִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:11!1|MId=o060040110011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֛י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_4:11!1|MId=o060040110012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_4:11!2|MId=o060040110021|Strong=3509a 4 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:11!2|MId=o060040110022|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 תַּ֥ם תָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.had.finished|Ref=JOS_4:11!3|MId=o060040110031|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:060040110052;|Type=qatal 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_4:11!4|MId=o060040110041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:11!5|MId=o060040110051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_4:11!5|MId=o060040110052|Strong=5971 9-10 לַֽעֲב֑וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_4:11!6|MId=o060040110061|Strong=3807a 10 עֲב֑וֹר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=JOS_4:11!6|MId=o060040110062|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060040110052;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-12 וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:11!7|MId=o060040110071|Strong=2050b 12 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.passed.over|Ref=JOS_4:11!7|MId=o060040110072|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060040110081;060040110103;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אֲרוֹן־ אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.ark|Ref=JOS_4:11!8|MId=o060040110081|Strong=0727|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_4:11!9|MId=o060040110091|Strong=3068 15-17 וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:11!10|MId=o060040110101|Strong=2050b 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:11!10|MId=o060040110102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 כֹּהֲנִ֖ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=JOS_4:11!10|MId=o060040110103|Strong=3548 18-19 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_4:11!11|MId=o060040110111|Strong=3807a 19 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:11!11|MId=o060040110112|Strong=6440 20-21 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:11!12|MId=o060040110121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_4:11!12|MId=o060040110122|Strong=5971 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JOS_4:11!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תַּם *it had finished* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | עֲבוֹר *pass over* | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יַּעֲבֹר *it passed over* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרוֹן־ *the ark* + כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שְׁלִים כָּל עַמָא לְמֶעְבַּר וַעֲבַר אֲרוֹנָא דַייָ וְכַהֲנַיָא קֳדָם עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed on, and the priests, before the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.70/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:69`. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.10/) - next →: [Joshua 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.12/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/)