--- title: Joshua 4:3 — and command ye them, saying: Take you hence out of the midst of the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and command ye them, saying: Take you hence out of the midst of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests' feet stood, twelve stones made ready, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the lodging-place, where ye shall lodge this night.' Who acts: ye, feet. Joshua 4:3 in Hebrew with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/) / 4:3 # Joshua 4:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** ye, feet · **What happens:** command, say, take, stand, make, carry over · **To what, where:** men, you, midst, twelve stones, lodging place · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, feet — and what happens in the verse to men, you, midst, twelve stones, lodging place, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ס [and command ye them, saying: Take you hence out of the midst of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests' feet stood, twelve stones made ready, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the lodging-place, where ye shall lodge this night.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.62/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:61 # text = וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ס # verse = JOS.4.3 1-2 וְצַוּ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:3!1|MId=o060040030011|Strong=2050b 2 צַוּ֣וּ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=command|Ref=JOS_4:3!1|MId=o060040030012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060040010131;060040020042;A1:060040030022;|Type=imperative 3-4 אוֹתָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:3!2|MId=o060040030021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 ָם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_4:3!2|MId=o060040030022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 לֵאמֹר֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 7 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_4:3!3|MId=o060040030031|Strong=3807a 6 אמֹר֒ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:3!3|MId=o060040030032|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060040010131;060040020042;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 שְׂאֽוּ־ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=take.up|Ref=JOS_4:3!4|MId=o060040030041|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:060040020071;A1:060040030151;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 לָכֶ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_4:3!5|MId=o060040030051|Strong=3807a 9 ָכֶ֨ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=JOS_4:3!5|MId=o060040030052|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 10-11 מִזֶּ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_4:3!6|MId=o060040030061|Strong=4480 11 זֶּ֜ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 obl _ Gloss=here|Ref=JOS_4:3!6|MId=o060040030062|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 12-13 מִתּ֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_4:3!7|MId=o060040030071|Strong=4480 13 תּ֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_4:3!7|MId=o060040030072|Strong=8432 14-15 הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_4:3!8|MId=o060040030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יַּרְדֵּ֗ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_4:3!8|MId=o060040030082|Strong=3383 16-17 מִמַּצַּב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_4:3!9|MId=o060040030091|Strong=4480 17 מַּצַּב֙ מַצָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=the.standing-place|Ref=JOS_4:3!9|MId=o060040030092|Strong=4673 18 רַגְלֵ֣י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 21 nsubj _ Gloss=of.the.feet|Ref=JOS_4:3!10|MId=o060040030101|Strong=7272 19-20 הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_4:3!11|MId=o060040030111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 כֹּהֲנִ֔ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.priests|Ref=JOS_4:3!11|MId=o060040030112|Strong=3548 21 הָכִ֖ין כּוּן VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 17 acl _ Gloss=to.make.firm|Ref=JOS_4:3!12|MId=o060040030121|Strong=3559|Frame=A0:060040030101;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 שְׁתֵּים־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 24 nummod _ Gloss=two.plus|Ref=JOS_4:3!13|MId=o060040030131|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 23 עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=JOS_4:3!14|MId=o060040030141|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 24 אֲבָנִ֑ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=stones|Ref=JOS_4:3!15|MId=o060040030151|Strong=0068 25-26 וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:3!16|MId=o060040030161|Strong=2050b 26 הַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=you.will.take.over|Ref=JOS_4:3!16|MId=o060040030162|Strong=5674|Frame=AA:060040020071;A0:060040030172;|Type=weqatal 27-28 אוֹתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:3!17|MId=o060040030171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_4:3!17|MId=o060040030172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-30 עִמָּכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_4:3!18|MId=o060040030181|Strong=5973 30 ָכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_4:3!18|MId=o060040030182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 31-32 וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:3!19|MId=o060040030191|Strong=2050b 32 הִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם נוח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=you.will.set.down|Ref=JOS_4:3!19|MId=o060040030192|Strong=5117|Frame=AA:060040020071;A0:060040030202;|Type=weqatal 33-34 אוֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:3!20|MId=o060040030201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 34 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_4:3!20|MId=o060040030202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 35-37 בַּמָּל֕וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_4:3!21|MId=o060040030211|Strong=0871a 36 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the.lodging|Ref=JOS_4:3!21|MId=o060040030211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 מָּל֕וֹן מָלוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=place|Ref=JOS_4:3!21|MId=o060040030212|Strong=4411 38 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_4:3!22|MId=o060040030221|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 39 תָּלִ֥ינוּ לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 37 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.stay|Ref=JOS_4:3!23|MId=o060040030231|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:060040020071;|Type=yiqtol 40-41 ב֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_4:3!24|MId=o060040030241|Strong=0871a 41 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_4:3!24|MId=o060040030242|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 42-43 הַלָּֽיְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_4:3!25|MId=o060040030251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 לָּֽיְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=JOS_4:3!25|MId=o060040030252|Strong=3915 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=JOS_4:3!25|SpaceAfter=No 45 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=JOS_4:3!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צַוּוּ *command* | imperative · piel | | ָם *them* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | שְׂאֽוּ־ *take up* | imperative · qal | | אֲבָנִים *stones* | | | | הָכִין *to make firm* | infinitive construct · hiphil | רַגְלֵי *of the feet* | | | | | הַעֲבַרְתֶּם *you will take over* | weqatal · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | | | הִנַּחְתֶּם *you will set down* | weqatal · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | | | תָּלִינוּ *you will stay* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפַקֵידוּ יַתְהוֹן לְמֵימָר טוּלוּ לְכוֹן מִכָּא מִגוֹ יַרְדְנָא מֵאֲתַר מֵיקַם רִגְלֵי כַהֲנַיָא מְתַקְנַיָא תַּרְתֵּי עַסְרֵי אַבְנַיָא וּתְעַבְרִנוּן יַתְהוֹן עִמְכוֹן וְתַחֲתוּן יַתְהוֹן בְּבֵית מַבְּתָא דִתְבִיתוּן בֵּיהּ בְּלֵילְיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and command ye them, saying: Take you hence out of the midst of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests' feet stood, twelve stones made ready, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the lodging-place, where ye shall lodge this night.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.62/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:61`. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.2/) - next →: [Joshua 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.4/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/)