--- title: Joshua 4:5 — and Joshua said unto them: 'Pass on before the ark of the LORD your… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and Joshua said unto them: 'Pass on before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 4:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/) / 4:5 # Joshua 4:5 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** say, pass on, take up, accord · **To what, where:** midst, man, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 4:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to midst, man, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עִ֠בְרוּ לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [and Joshua said unto them: 'Pass on before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.64/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:63 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עִ֠בְרוּ לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = JOS.4.5 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:5!1|MId=o060040050011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_4:5!1|MId=o060040050012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060040050031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_4:5!2|MId=o060040050021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_4:5!2|MId=o060040050022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_4:5!3|MId=o060040050031|Strong=3091 6 עִ֠בְרוּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=JOS_4:5!4|MId=o060040050041|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060040040061;|Type=imperative 7-8 לִפְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_4:5!5|MId=o060040050051|Strong=3807a 8 פְנֵ֨י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_4:5!5|MId=o060040050052|Strong=6440 9 אֲר֧וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ark|Ref=JOS_4:5!6|MId=o060040050061|Strong=0727 10 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_4:5!7|MId=o060040050071|Strong=3068 11-12 אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֱלֹֽהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOS_4:5!8|MId=o060040050081|Strong=0430 12 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_4:5!8|MId=o060040050082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOS_4:5!9|MId=o060040050091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14 תּ֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_4:5!10|MId=o060040050101|Strong=8432 15-16 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_4:5!11|MId=o060040050111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_4:5!11|MId=o060040050112|Strong=3383 17-18 וְהָרִ֨ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:5!12|MId=o060040050121|Strong=2050b 18 הָרִ֨ימוּ רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=take.up|Ref=JOS_4:5!12|MId=o060040050122|Strong=7311|Frame=AA:060040040061;A0:060040050151;|Type=imperative 19-20 לָכֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_4:5!13|MId=o060040050131|Strong=3807a 20 ָכֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=JOS_4:5!13|MId=o060040050132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 21 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=JOS_4:5!14|MId=o060040050141|Strong=0376 22 אֶ֤בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=a.stone|Ref=JOS_4:5!15|MId=o060040050151|Strong=0068 23 אַחַת֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=JOS_4:5!16|MId=o060040050161|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 24 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_4:5!17|MId=o060040050171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 שִׁכְמ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 שִׁכְמ שְׁכֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=shoulder|Ref=JOS_4:5!18|MId=o060040050181|Strong=7926 26 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_4:5!18|MId=o060040050182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 לְמִסְפַּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_4:5!19|MId=o060040050191|Strong=3807a 28 מִסְפַּ֖ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.number|Ref=JOS_4:5!19|MId=o060040050192|Strong=4557 29 שִׁבְטֵ֥י שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.tribes|Ref=JOS_4:5!20|MId=o060040050201|Strong=7626 30 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=JOS_4:5!21|MId=o060040050211|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 31 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_4:5!22|MId=o060040050221|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JOS_4:5!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | עִבְרוּ *pass over* | imperative · qal | | | | | | הָרִימוּ *take up* | imperative · hiphil | אֶבֶן *a stone* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עֲבָרוּ קֳדָם אֲרוֹנָא דַייָ אֱלָהָכוֹן לְגוֹ יַרְדְנָא וַאֲרִימוּ לְכוֹן גְבַר אַבְנָא חָדָה עַל כִּתְפֵיהּ לְמִנְיַן שִׁבְטַיָא דִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and Joshua said unto them: 'Pass on before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.64/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:63`. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.4/) - next →: [Joshua 4:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.6/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/)