--- title: Joshua 4:7 — then ye shall say unto them: Because the waters of the Jordan were c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then ye shall say unto them: Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off; and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.' Who acts: ye, ark, stones, LOR --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/) / 4:7 # Joshua 4:7 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** ye, ark, stones, LORD · **What happens:** say, cut off, pass, be, covenant · **To what, where:** waters, Jordan · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 4:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, ark, stones, LORD — and what happens in the verse to waters, Jordan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ [then ye shall say unto them: Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off; and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.66/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:65 # text = וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.4.7 1-2 וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:7!1|MId=o060040070011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=JOS_4:7!1|MId=o060040070012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060040040061;|Type=weqatal 3-4 לָהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_4:7!2|MId=o060040070021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_4:7!2|MId=o060040070022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_4:7!3|MId=o060040070031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 נִכְרְת֜וּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=they.were.cut.off|Ref=JOS_4:7!4|MId=o060040070041|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:060040070051;|Type=qatal 7 מֵימֵ֤י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=the.waters|Ref=JOS_4:7!5|MId=o060040070051|Strong=4325 8-9 הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_4:7!6|MId=o060040070061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יַּרְדֵּן֙ יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_4:7!6|MId=o060040070062|Strong=3383 10-11 מִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_4:7!7|MId=o060040070071|Strong=4480 11 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_4:7!7|MId=o060040070072|Strong=6440 12 אֲר֣וֹן אֲרוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ark|Ref=JOS_4:7!8|MId=o060040070081|Strong=0727 13 בְּרִית־ בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.covenant|Ref=JOS_4:7!9|MId=o060040070091|Strong=1285|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOS_4:7!10|MId=o060040070101|Strong=3068 15-17 בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_4:7!11|MId=o060040070111|Strong=0871a 16 עָבְר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 21 advcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_4:7!11|MId=o060040070112|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060040070113;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=passed.on|Ref=JOS_4:7!11|MId=o060040070113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-20 בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_4:7!12|MId=o060040070121|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:7!12|MId=o060040070121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JOS_4:7!12|MId=o060040070122|Strong=3383 21 נִכְרְת֖וּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=they.were.cut.off|Ref=JOS_4:7!13|MId=o060040070131|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:060040070141;|Type=qatal 22 מֵ֣י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=the.waters|Ref=JOS_4:7!14|MId=o060040070141|Strong=4325 23-24 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_4:7!15|MId=o060040070151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_4:7!15|MId=o060040070152|Strong=3383 25-26 וְ֠הָיוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_4:7!16|MId=o060040070161|Strong=2050b 26 הָיוּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 32 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=JOS_4:7!16|MId=o060040070162|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060040070172;|Type=weqatal 27-28 הָאֲבָנִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_4:7!17|MId=o060040070171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֲבָנִ֨ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ Gloss=stones|Ref=JOS_4:7!17|MId=o060040070172|Strong=0068 29-30 הָאֵ֧לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_4:7!18|MId=o060040070181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אֵ֧לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 28 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JOS_4:7!18|MId=o060040070182|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 31-32 לְזִכָּר֛וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=JOS_4:7!19|MId=o060040070191|Strong=3807a 32 זִכָּר֛וֹן זִכָּרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=memorial|Ref=JOS_4:7!19|MId=o060040070192|Strong=2146 33-34 לִבְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_4:7!20|MId=o060040070201|Strong=3807a 34 בְנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_4:7!20|MId=o060040070202|Strong=1121 35 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_4:7!21|MId=o060040070211|Strong=3478 36 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_4:7!22|MId=o060040070221|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 37 עוֹלָֽם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=JOS_4:7!23|MId=o060040070231|Strong=5769|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JOS_4:7!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲמַרְתֶּם *you will say* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | נִכְרְתוּ *they were cut off* | qatal · niphal | | מֵימֵי *the waters* | | | | עָבְר *it* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *passed on* | | | | | נִכְרְתוּ *they were cut off* | qatal · niphal | | מֵי *the waters* | | | | הָיוּ *they will become* | weqatal · qal | אֲבָנִים *stones* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתֵימְרוּן לְהוֹן דִי פְּסַקוּ מֵי יַרְדְנָא מִן קֳדָם אֲרוֹן קְיָמָא דַייָ בְּמֶעְבְּרֵיהּ בְּיַרְדְנָא פְּסַקוּ מֵי יַרְדְנָא וִיהֶוְיָן אַבְנַיָא הָאִלֵין לְדָכְרָנָא לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד עָלְמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then ye shall say unto them: Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off; and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.66/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:65`. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.6/) - next →: [Joshua 4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.8/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/4/)