--- title: Joshua 5:1 — And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart me --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/) / 5:1 # Joshua 5:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** it, kings, LORD, heart, spirit · **What happens:** come, pass, be, hear, dry up, pass over · **To what, where:** waters, kings · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 5:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, kings, LORD, heart, spirit — and what happens in the verse to waters, kings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ס [And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.84/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:83 # text = וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ס # verse = JOS.5.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:1!1|MId=o060050010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_5:1!1|MId=o060050010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_5:1!2|MId=o060050010021|Strong=3509a 4 שְׁמֹ֣עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.heard|Ref=JOS_5:1!2|MId=o060050010022|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:060050010041;060050010111;A1:060050010181;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_5:1!3|MId=o060050010031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JOS_5:1!4|MId=o060050010041|Strong=4428 7-8 הָאֱמֹרִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_5:1!5|MId=o060050010051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 אֱמֹרִ֡י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_5:1!5|MId=o060050010052|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 9 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_5:1!6|MId=o060050010061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10-11 בְּעֵ֨בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=JOS_5:1!7|MId=o060050010071|Strong=0871a 11 עֵ֨בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_5:1!7|MId=o060050010072|Strong=5676 12-13 הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_5:1!8|MId=o060050010081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 יַּרְדֵּ֜ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_5:1!8|MId=o060050010082|Strong=3383 14-15 יָ֗מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יָ֗מּ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=westward|Ref=JOS_5:1!9|MId=o060050010091|Strong=3220 15 ָה ה X _ _ 14 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_5:1!9|MId=o060050010092|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 16-17 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:1!10|MId=o060050010101|Strong=2050b 17 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_5:1!10|MId=o060050010102|Strong=3605 18 מַלְכֵ֤י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JOS_5:1!11|MId=o060050010111|Strong=4428 19-20 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_5:1!12|MId=o060050010121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 כְּנַעֲנִי֙ כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Canaanite[s]|Ref=JOS_5:1!12|MId=o060050010122|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 21 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_5:1!13|MId=o060050010131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 22 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[were].at|Ref=JOS_5:1!14|MId=o060050010141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הַיָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_5:1!15|MId=o060050010151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יָּ֔ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JOS_5:1!15|MId=o060050010152|Strong=3220 25 אֵ֠ת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_5:1!16|MId=o060050010161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 26 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=how|Ref=JOS_5:1!17|MId=o060050010171|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 27 הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.dried.up|Ref=JOS_5:1!18|MId=o060050010181|Strong=3001|Frame=AA:060050010191;A0:060050010211;|Type=qatal 28 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 27 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_5:1!19|MId=o060050010191|Strong=3068 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_5:1!20|MId=o060050010201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 30 מֵ֧י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 obj _ Gloss=the.waters|Ref=JOS_5:1!21|MId=o060050010211|Strong=4325 31-32 הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_5:1!22|MId=o060050010221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 יַּרְדֵּ֛ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_5:1!22|MId=o060050010222|Strong=3383 33-34 מִפְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_5:1!23|MId=o060050010231|Strong=4480 34 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 27 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_5:1!23|MId=o060050010232|Strong=6440 35 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_5:1!24|MId=o060050010241|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 36 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_5:1!25|MId=o060050010251|Strong=3478 37 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_5:1!26|MId=o060050010261|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 עָבְרָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 עָבְר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_5:1!28|MId=o060050010281|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060050010282;|Type=infinitive_construct 39 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ Gloss=had.passed.over|Ref=JOS_5:1!28|MId=o060050010282|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 40-41 וַיִּמַּ֣ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:1!29|MId=o060050010291|Strong=2050b 41 יִּמַּ֣ס מָסַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.melted|Ref=JOS_5:1!29|MId=o060050010292|Strong=4549|Frame=A0:060050010301;|Type=wayyiqtol 42-43 לְבָבָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=JOS_5:1!30|MId=o060050010301|Strong=3824 43 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_5:1!30|MId=o060050010302|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 44-45 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 48 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:1!31|MId=o060050010311|Strong=2050b 45 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 48 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_5:1!31|MId=o060050010312|Strong=3808|Type=negative 46 הָ֨יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 48 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_5:1!32|MId=o060050010321|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060050010351;|Type=qatal 47-48 בָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_5:1!33|MId=o060050010331|Strong=0871a 48 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_5:1!33|MId=o060050010332|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 49 עוֹד֙ עוֹד ADV _ _ 48 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=JOS_5:1!34|MId=o060050010341|Strong=5750 50 ר֔וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 48 nsubj _ Gloss=spirit|Ref=JOS_5:1!35|MId=o060050010351|Strong=7307 51-52 מִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 52 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JOS_5:1!36|MId=o060050010361|Strong=4480 52 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 48 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_5:1!36|MId=o060050010362|Strong=6440 53 בְּנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 52 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_5:1!37|MId=o060050010371|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 54 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 53 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_5:1!38|MId=o060050010381|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 55 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 54 punct _ Ref=JOS_5:1!38|SpaceAfter=No 56 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 54 punct _ Ref=JOS_5:1!38 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁמֹעַ *as heard* | infinitive construct · qal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* + מַלְכֵי *the kings* | הוֹבִישׁ *he had dried up* | | | | הוֹבִישׁ *he had dried up* | qatal · hiphil | מֵי *the waters* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | עָבְר *they* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *had passed over* | | | | | יִּמַּס *it melted* | wayyiqtol · niphal | לְבָב *heart* | | | | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | רוּחַ *spirit* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַד שְׁמָעוּ כָּל מַלְכֵי אֱמוֹרָאֵי דִי בְּעִבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא מַעֲרָבָא וְכָל מַלְכֵי כְנַעֲנָאָה דִי עַל יַמָא יַת דְיַבֵּשׁ יְיָ יַת מֵי יַרְדְנָא מִן קֳדָם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד דַעֲבָרוּ וְאִתְמְסֵי לִבְּהוֹן וְלָא אִשְׁתַּאֲרַת בְּהוֹן עוֹד רוּחַ מִן קֳדָם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.84/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:83`. - ← previous: [Joshua 4:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.24/) - next →: [Joshua 5:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.2/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/)