--- title: Joshua 5:13 — And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand; and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him: 'Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?' Who acts: manna, Joshua, man, thou. Joshua --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/) / 5:13 # Joshua 5:13 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** manna, Joshua, man, thou · **What happens:** come, pass, be, lift up, look, stand · **To what, where:** eyes, sword, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 5:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — manna, Joshua, man, thou — and what happens in the verse to eyes, sword, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ [And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand; and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him: 'Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.96/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:95 # text = וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ # verse = JOS.5.13 1-2 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!1|MId=o060050130011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_5:13!1|MId=o060050130012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בִּֽהְי֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בִּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_5:13!2|MId=o060050130021|Strong=0871a 4 הְי֣וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 cop _ Gloss=was|Ref=JOS_5:13!2|MId=o060050130022|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060050130031;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_5:13!3|MId=o060050130031|Strong=3091 6-7 בִּירִיחוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_5:13!4|MId=o060050130041|Strong=0871a 7 ירִיחוֹ֒ יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jericho|Ref=JOS_5:13!4|MId=o060050130042|Strong=3405 8-9 וַיִּשָּׂ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!5|MId=o060050130051|Strong=2050b 9 יִּשָּׂ֤א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.lifted.up|Ref=JOS_5:13!5|MId=o060050130052|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:060050130031;A1:060050130061;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 עֵינָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עֵינָי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 9 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=JOS_5:13!6|MId=o060050130061|Strong=5869 11 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_5:13!6|MId=o060050130062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַיַּ֔רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!7|MId=o060050130071|Strong=2050b 13 יַּ֔רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=JOS_5:13!7|MId=o060050130072|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:060050130031;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 וְהִנֵּה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!8|MId=o060050130081|Strong=2050b 15 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 9 conj _ Gloss=there!|Ref=JOS_5:13!8|MId=o060050130082|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 16 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=JOS_5:13!9|MId=o060050130091|Strong=0376 17 עֹמֵ֣ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].standing|Ref=JOS_5:13!10|MId=o060050130101|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060050130091;|Type=participle_active 18-20 לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_5:13!11|MId=o060050130111|Strong=3807a 19 נֶגְדּ נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 17 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_5:13!11|MId=o060050130112|Strong=5048 20 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_5:13!11|MId=o060050130113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-23 וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!12|MId=o060050130121|Strong=2050b 22 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JOS_5:13!12|MId=o060050130122|Strong=2719 23 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_5:13!12|MId=o060050130123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 שְׁלוּפָ֖ה שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=[was].drawn|Ref=JOS_5:13!13|MId=o060050130131|Strong=8025|Frame=A1:060050130122;|Type=participle_passive 25-27 בְּיָד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_5:13!14|MId=o060050130141|Strong=0871a 26 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JOS_5:13!14|MId=o060050130142|Strong=3027 27 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_5:13!14|MId=o060050130143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!15|MId=o060050130151|Strong=2050b 29 יֵּ֨לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=JOS_5:13!15|MId=o060050130152|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060050130161;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 29 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_5:13!16|MId=o060050130161|Strong=3091 31-32 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_5:13!17|MId=o060050130171|Strong=0413 32 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_5:13!17|MId=o060050130172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33-34 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:13!18|MId=o060050130181|Strong=2050b 34 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_5:13!18|MId=o060050130182|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060050130161;|Type=wayyiqtol 35-36 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 ל לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_5:13!19|MId=o060050130191|Strong=3807a 36 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_5:13!19|MId=o060050130192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37-39 הֲלָ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 39 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JOS_5:13!20|MId=o060050130201|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 38 ל לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_5:13!20|MId=o060050130202|Strong=3807a 39 ָ֥נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 ccomp _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_5:13!20|MId=o060050130203|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 40 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=JOS_5:13!21|MId=o060050130211|Strong=0859|Type=personal 41 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 43 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=JOS_5:13!22|MId=o060050130221|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 42-44 לְצָרֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_5:13!23|MId=o060050130231|Strong=3807a 43 צָרֵֽי צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 39 parataxis _ Gloss=foes|Ref=JOS_5:13!23|MId=o060050130232|Strong=6862a 44 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JOS_5:13!23|MId=o060050130233|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JOS_5:13!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הְיוֹת *was* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יִּשָּׂא *he lifted up* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | עֵינָי *eyes* | | | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | עֹמֵד *\[was\] standing* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | שְׁלוּפָה *\[was\] drawn* | participle passive · qal | | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד הֲוָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּירִיחוֹ וּזְקַף עֵינוֹהִי וַחֲזָא וְהָא גַבְרָא קָאִים לְקִבְלֵיהּ וְחַרְבֵּיהּ שְׁלִיפָא בִּידֵיהּ וַאֲזַל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְוָתֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ הַלְמִסְעַדָנָא אַתֵיתָא אִם לְבַעֲלֵי דְבָבָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand; and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him: 'Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.96/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:95`. - ← previous: [Joshua 5:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.12/) - next →: [Joshua 5:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.14/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/)