--- title: Joshua 5:4 — And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: all the people that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: all the people that came forth out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came forth out of Egypt. Who acts: this, Joshua, people. Joshua 5:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/) / 5:4 # Joshua 5:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** this, Joshua, people · **What happens:** be, circumcise, come, die · **To what, where:** cause, Egypt, males This is Joshua 5:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, Joshua, people — and what happens in the verse to cause, Egypt, males, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ [And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: all the people that came forth out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came forth out of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.87/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:86 # text = וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = JOS.5.4 1-2 וְזֶ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_5:4!1|MId=o060050040011|Strong=2050b 2 זֶ֥ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_5:4!1|MId=o060050040012|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 3-4 הַדָּבָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=JOS_5:4!2|MId=o060050040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 דָּבָ֖ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=reason|Ref=JOS_5:4!2|MId=o060050040022|Strong=1697 5 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=why|Ref=JOS_5:4!3|MId=o060050040031|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 6 מָ֣ל מוּל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.circumcised|Ref=JOS_5:4!4|MId=o060050040041|Strong=4135|Frame=A0:060050040051;A1:060050030081;|Type=qatal 7 יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_5:4!5|MId=o060050040051|Strong=3091 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_5:4!6|MId=o060050040061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_5:4!7|MId=o060050040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_5:4!7|MId=o060050040072|Strong=5971 11-12 הַיֹּצֵא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=[which].had|Ref=JOS_5:4!8|MId=o060050040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יֹּצֵא֩ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=come.out|Ref=JOS_5:4!8|MId=o060050040082|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060050040072;|Type=participle_active 13-14 מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_5:4!9|MId=o060050040091|Strong=4480 14 מִּצְרַ֨יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=JOS_5:4!9|MId=o060050040092|Strong=4714 15-16 הַזְּכָרִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_5:4!10|MId=o060050040101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 זְּכָרִ֜ים זָכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=males|Ref=JOS_5:4!10|MId=o060050040102|Strong=2145 17 כֹּ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_5:4!11|MId=o060050040111|Strong=3605 18 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=JOS_5:4!11 19 אַנְשֵׁ֣י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JOS_5:4!12|MId=o060050040121|Strong=0376 20-21 הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_5:4!13|MId=o060050040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=war|Ref=JOS_5:4!13|MId=o060050040132|Strong=4421 22 מֵ֤תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.had.died|Ref=JOS_5:4!14|MId=o060050040141|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:060050040072;|Type=qatal 23-25 בַמִּדְבָּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_5:4!15|MId=o060050040151|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_5:4!15|MId=o060050040151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מִּדְבָּר֙ מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=JOS_5:4!15|MId=o060050040152|Strong=4057 26-28 בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_5:4!16|MId=o060050040161|Strong=0871a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_5:4!16|MId=o060050040161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 דֶּ֔רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=way|Ref=JOS_5:4!16|MId=o060050040162|Strong=1870 29-31 בְּצֵאתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_5:4!17|MId=o060050040171|Strong=0871a 30 צֵאת יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_5:4!17|MId=o060050040172|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060050040173;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ Gloss=went.out|Ref=JOS_5:4!17|MId=o060050040173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32-33 מִמִּצְרָֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_5:4!18|MId=o060050040181|Strong=4480 33 מִּצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=JOS_5:4!18|MId=o060050040182|Strong=4714 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=JOS_5:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָל *he circumcised* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יֹּצֵא *come out* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | מֵתוּ *they had died* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | צֵאת *they* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *went out* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְדֵין פִּתְגָמָא דִי גְזַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כָּל עַמָא דִנְפַק מִמִצְרַיִם דָכְרַיָא כָּל גַבְרֵי מְגִיחֵי קְרָבָא מִיתוּ בְמַדְבְּרָא בְּאוֹרְחָא בְּמִפַּקְהוֹן מִמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: all the people that came forth out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came forth out of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.87/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:86`. - ← previous: [Joshua 5:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.3/) - next →: [Joshua 5:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.5.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/5/)