--- title: Joshua 7:12 — Therefore the children of Israel cannot stand before their enemies,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore the children of Israel cannot stand before their enemies, they turn their backs before their enemies, because they are become accursed; I will not be with you any more, except ye destroy the accursed from among you. Who acts: children, I, ye. Joshua 7:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/) / 7:12 # Joshua 7:12 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** children, I, ye · **What happens:** not stand, turn, become, not be, destroy · **To what, where:** enemies, backs, children, accursed This is Joshua 7:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to enemies, backs, children, accursed, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י הָי֖וּ לְחֵ֑רֶם לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת עִמָּכֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א תַשְׁמִ֛ידוּ הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃ [Therefore the children of Israel cannot stand before their enemies, they turn their backs before their enemies, because they are become accursed; I will not be with you any more, except ye destroy the accursed from among you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.139/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:136 # text = וְלֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י הָי֖וּ לְחֵ֑רֶם לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת עִמָּכֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א תַשְׁמִ֛ידוּ הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃ # verse = JOS.7.12 1-2 וְלֹ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:12!1|MId=o060070120011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹ֨א לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_7:12!1|MId=o060070120012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 יֻכְל֜וּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.are.able|Ref=JOS_7:12!2|MId=o060070120021|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:060070120031;|Type=yiqtol 4 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_7:12!3|MId=o060070120031|Strong=1121 5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_7:12!4|MId=o060070120041|Strong=3478 6-7 לָקוּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:12!5|MId=o060070120051|Strong=3807a 7 קוּם֙ קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 xcomp _ Gloss=stand|Ref=JOS_7:12!5|MId=o060070120052|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:060070120031;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-9 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_7:12!6|MId=o060070120061|Strong=3807a 9 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_7:12!6|MId=o060070120062|Strong=6440 10-11 אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אֹיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=JOS_7:12!7|MId=o060070120071|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 11 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_7:12!7|MId=o060070120072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12 עֹ֗רֶף עֹרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=a.neck|Ref=JOS_7:12!8|MId=o060070120081|Strong=6203 13 יִפְנוּ֙ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.turn|Ref=JOS_7:12!9|MId=o060070120091|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:060070120031;A1:060070120081;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_7:12!10|MId=o060070120101|Strong=3807a 15 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_7:12!10|MId=o060070120102|Strong=6440 16-17 אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֹֽיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=JOS_7:12!11|MId=o060070120111|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 17 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_7:12!11|MId=o060070120112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_7:12!12|MId=o060070120121|Strong=3588 19 הָי֖וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 21 cop _ Gloss=they.have.become|Ref=JOS_7:12!13|MId=o060070120131|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060070120031;|Type=qatal 20-21 לְחֵ֑רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=JOS_7:12!14|MId=o060070120141|Strong=3807a 21 חֵ֑רֶם חֵרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 parataxis _ Gloss=devoted.thing|Ref=JOS_7:12!14|MId=o060070120142|Strong=2764 22 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_7:12!15|MId=o060070120151|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 אוֹסִיף֙ יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.repeat|Ref=JOS_7:12!16|MId=o060070120161|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:060070100021;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 לִֽהְי֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:12!17|MId=o060070120171|Strong=3807a 25 הְי֣וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=JOS_7:12!17|MId=o060070120172|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060070100021;|Type=infinitive_construct 26-27 עִמָּכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_7:12!18|MId=o060070120181|Strong=5973 27 ָכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_7:12!18|MId=o060070120182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 28 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=JOS_7:12!19|MId=o060070120191|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 29 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_7:12!20|MId=o060070120201|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30 תַשְׁמִ֛ידוּ שָׁמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 23 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.destroy|Ref=JOS_7:12!21|MId=o060070120211|Strong=8045|Frame=AA:060070120031;060070100041;A0:060070120222;|Type=yiqtol 31-32 הַחֵ֖רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the.devoted|Ref=JOS_7:12!22|MId=o060070120221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 חֵ֖רֶם חֵרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=thing[s]|Ref=JOS_7:12!22|MId=o060070120222|Strong=2764 33-35 מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_7:12!23|MId=o060070120231|Strong=4480 34 קִּרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=JOS_7:12!23|MId=o060070120232|Strong=7130 35 ְכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_7:12!23|MId=o060070120233|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JOS_7:12!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יֻכְלוּ *they are able* | yiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | קוּם *stand* | infinitive construct · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | יִפְנוּ *they turn* | yiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | עֹרֶף *a neck* | | | | הָיוּ *they have become* | qatal · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | **not** אוֹסִיף *I will repeat* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | הְיוֹת *be* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | **not** תַשְׁמִידוּ *you will destroy* | yiqtol · hiphil | חֵרֶם *thing\[s\]* | | | בְּנֵי *the people* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא יִכְלוּן בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵקַם קֳדָם בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן קְדַלְהוֹן יַחְזְרוּן לְמֵיפַּךְ קֳדָם בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי הֲווֹ לְחֶרְמָא לָא אוֹסִיף לְמֶהֱוַי מֵימְרִי בְּסַעְדְכוֹן אִם לָא תְשֵׁיצוּן חֶרְמָא מִבֵּנֵיכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore the children of Israel cannot stand before their enemies, they turn their backs before their enemies, because they are become accursed; I will not be with you any more, except ye destroy the accursed from among you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.139/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:136`. - ← previous: [Joshua 7:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.11/) - next →: [Joshua 7:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.13/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/)