--- title: Joshua 7:2 — And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai. Who acts: Joshua, Ai, men. Joshua 7:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/) / 7:2 # Joshua 7:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, Ai, men · **What happens:** send, be, speak, say, go up, spy out · **To what, where:** men, Ai, Jericho, Beth aven, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 7:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, Ai, men — and what happens in the verse to men, Ai, Jericho, Beth aven, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔לבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃ [And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.129/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:126 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔לבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃ # verse = JOS.7.2 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:2!1|MId=o060070020011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַח֩ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=JOS_7:2!1|MId=o060070020012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:060070020021;A1:060070020031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_7:2!2|MId=o060070020021|Strong=3091 4 אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_7:2!3|MId=o060070020031|Strong=0376 5-6 מִֽירִיח֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_7:2!4|MId=o060070020041|Strong=4480 6 ירִיח֗וֹ יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jericho|Ref=JOS_7:2!4|MId=o060070020042|Strong=3405 7-8 הָעַ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_7:2!5|MId=o060070020051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עַ֞י עַי PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_7:2!5|MId=o060070020052|Strong=5857 9 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_7:2!6|MId=o060070020061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[is].beside|Ref=JOS_7:2!7|MId=o060070020071|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 11 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=JOS_7:2!8|MId=o060070020081 12 אָ֙וֶן֙ אָוֶן PROPN _ _ 11 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_7:2!8 13 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=Aven|Ref=JOS_7:2!9|MId=o060070020091 14 אָ֙וֶן֙ אָוֶן PROPN _ _ 13 flat:name _ Ref=JOS_7:2!9 15-16 מִקֶּ֣דֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_7:2!10|MId=o060070020101|Strong=4480 16 קֶּ֣דֶם קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=east|Ref=JOS_7:2!10|MId=o060070020102|Strong=6924 17-19 לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔לבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_7:2!11|MId=o060070020111|Strong=3807a 18 בֵֽית־אֵ֔ל בֵּית־אֵל PROPN _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JOS_7:2!11|MId=o060070020112 19 בֵֽית־אֵ֔ל בֵּיתְאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 nmod _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JOS_7:2!12|MId=o060070020121 20-21 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:2!13|MId=o060070020131|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_7:2!13|MId=o060070020132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060070020021;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 אֲלֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:2!14|MId=o060070020141|Strong=0413 23 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_7:2!14|MId=o060070020142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 26 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_7:2!15|MId=o060070020151|Strong=3807a 25 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_7:2!15|MId=o060070020152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060070020021;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 עֲל֖וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 21 ccomp _ Gloss=go.up|Ref=JOS_7:2!16|MId=o060070020161|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060070020031;|Type=imperative 27-28 וְרַגְּל֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:2!17|MId=o060070020171|Strong=2050b 28 רַגְּל֣וּ רָגַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 26 conj _ Gloss=spy.out|Ref=JOS_7:2!17|MId=o060070020172|Strong=7270|Frame=A0:060070020031;A1:060070020172;|Type=imperative 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_7:2!18|MId=o060070020181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_7:2!19|MId=o060070020191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_7:2!19|MId=o060070020192|Strong=0776 32-33 וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:2!20|MId=o060070020201|Strong=2050b 33 יַּעֲלוּ֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=JOS_7:2!20|MId=o060070020202|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060070020192;|Type=wayyiqtol 34-35 הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_7:2!21|MId=o060070020211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_7:2!21|MId=o060070020212|Strong=0376 36-37 וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:2!22|MId=o060070020221|Strong=2050b 37 יְרַגְּל֖וּ רָגַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.spied.out|Ref=JOS_7:2!22|MId=o060070020222|Strong=7270|Frame=A0:060070020192;A1:060070020222;|Type=wayyiqtol 38 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_7:2!23|MId=o060070020231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 39-40 הָעָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_7:2!24|MId=o060070020241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 עָֽי עַי PROPN _ _ 37 obj _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_7:2!24|MId=o060070020242|Strong=5857 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_7:2!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | עֲלוּ *go up* | imperative · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | רַגְּלוּ *spy out* | imperative · piel | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | רַגְּלוּ *spy out* | | | | יַּעֲלוּ *they went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | יְרַגְּלוּ *they spied out* | wayyiqtol · piel | אָרֶץ *land* | יְרַגְּלוּ *they spied out* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ גֻבְרִין מִירִיחוֹ לְעַי דְעִם בֵּית אָוֶן מִמַדְנַח לְבֵית אֵל וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן לְמֵימַר סַקוּ וְאַלִילוּ יַת אַרְעָא וּסְלִיקוּ גַבְרַיָא וְאַלִילוּ יַת עָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.129/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:126`. - ← previous: [Joshua 7:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.1/) - next →: [Joshua 7:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.3/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/)