--- title: Joshua 7:3 — And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the peo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.' Who acts: men, people, thousand men. Joshua 7:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonath --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/) / 7:3 # Joshua 7:3 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** men, people, thousand men · **What happens:** return, say, not let, go up, let, smite · **To what, where:** Joshua, people, thousand men, Ai · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 7:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, people, thousand men — and what happens in the verse to Joshua, people, thousand men, Ai, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ אַל־יַ֣עַל כָּל־הָעָם֒ כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם אִ֗ישׁ א֚וֹ כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ יַעֲל֖וּ וְיַכּ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑י אַל־תְּיַגַּע־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה׃ [And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.130/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:127 # text = וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ אַל־יַ֣עַל כָּל־הָעָם֒ כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם אִ֗ישׁ א֚וֹ כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ יַעֲל֖וּ וְיַכּ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑י אַל־תְּיַגַּע־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה׃ # verse = JOS.7.3 1-2 וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:3!1|MId=o060070030011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=JOS_7:3!1|MId=o060070030012|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:060070020192;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:3!2|MId=o060070030021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_7:3!3|MId=o060070030031|Strong=3091 5-6 וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:3!4|MId=o060070030041|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JOS_7:3!4|MId=o060070030042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060070020192;|Type=wayyiqtol 7-8 אֵלָיו֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:3!5|MId=o060070030051|Strong=0413 8 ו֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_7:3!5|MId=o060070030052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_7:3!6|MId=o060070030061|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 10 יַ֣עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 ccomp _ Gloss=let.it.go.up|Ref=JOS_7:3!7|MId=o060070030071|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060070030092;|Type=jussive 11 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_7:3!8|MId=o060070030081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הָעָם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_7:3!9|MId=o060070030091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עָם֒ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_7:3!9|MId=o060070030092|Strong=5971 14-15 כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=JOS_7:3!10|MId=o060070030101|Strong=3509a 15 אַלְפַּ֣יִם אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 16 nummod _ Gloss=two.thousand|Ref=JOS_7:3!10|MId=o060070030102|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 16 אִ֗ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JOS_7:3!11|MId=o060070030111|Strong=0376 17 א֚וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=JOS_7:3!12|MId=o060070030121|Strong=0176 18-19 כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=JOS_7:3!13|MId=o060070030131|Strong=3509a 19 שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=JOS_7:3!13|MId=o060070030132|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 20 אֲלָפִ֣ים אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 19 flat _ Gloss=thousand(s)|Ref=JOS_7:3!14|MId=o060070030141|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 21 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=man|Ref=JOS_7:3!15|MId=o060070030151|Strong=0376 22 יַעֲל֖וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 parataxis _ Gloss=let.them.go.up|Ref=JOS_7:3!16|MId=o060070030161|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060070030111;060070030151;|Type=jussive 23-24 וְיַכּ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:3!17|MId=o060070030171|Strong=2050b 24 יַכּ֣וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=let.them.attack|Ref=JOS_7:3!17|MId=o060070030172|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060070030111;060070030151;A0:060070030192;|Type=jussive 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_7:3!18|MId=o060070030181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הָעָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_7:3!19|MId=o060070030191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 עָ֑י עַי PROPN _ _ 24 obj _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_7:3!19|MId=o060070030192|Strong=5857 28 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_7:3!20|MId=o060070030201|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 29 תְּיַגַּע־ יָגֵעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=make.go.wearily|Ref=JOS_7:3!21|MId=o060070030211|Strong=3021|Frame=A0:060070030031;A1:060070030252;|Type=jussive|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 שָׁ֙מָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 שָׁ֙מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:3!22|MId=o060070030221|Strong=8033 31 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_7:3!22|MId=o060070030222|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_7:3!23|MId=o060070030231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_7:3!24|MId=o060070030241|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_7:3!25|MId=o060070030251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_7:3!25|MId=o060070030252|Strong=5971 36 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_7:3!26|MId=o060070030261|Strong=3588 37 מְעַ֖ט מְעַט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 advcl _ Gloss=[are].few|Ref=JOS_7:3!27|MId=o060070030271|Strong=4592 38 הֵֽמָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_7:3!28|MId=o060070030281|Strong=1992|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JOS_7:3!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשֻׁבוּ *they returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** יַעַל *let it go up* | jussive · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יַעֲלוּ *let them go up* | jussive · qal | אִישׁ *man* + אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יַכּוּ *let them attack* | jussive · hiphil | עָי *Ai* | | | אִישׁ *man* + אִישׁ *man* | | **not** תְּיַגַּע־ *make go wearily* | jussive · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | עָם *people* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתָבוּ לְוַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ לָא יִסַק כָּל עַמָא כִּתְרֵין אַלְפִין גַבְרָא אוֹ כִּתְלָתָא אַלְפִין גַבְרָא יִסְקוּן וְיִמְחוּן יַת עָי לָא תַרְגִישׁ לְתַמָן יַת כָּל עַמָא אֲרֵי זְעִירִין אִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.130/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:127`. - ← previous: [Joshua 7:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.2/) - next →: [Joshua 7:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.4/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/)