--- title: Joshua 7:7 — And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all broug… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and dwelt beyond the Jordan! Who acts: Joshua, Thou, us, we. Joshua 7:7 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/) / 7:7 # Joshua 7:7 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, Thou, us, we · **What happens:** say, bring, deliver, cause, perish, be · **To what, where:** people, Jordan, us, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 7:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, Thou, us, we — and what happens in the verse to people, Jordan, us, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ וְלוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ [And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and dwelt beyond the Jordan!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.134/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:131 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ וְלוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ # verse = JOS.7.7 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:7!1|MId=o060070070011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_7:7!1|MId=o060070070012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060070070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_7:7!2|MId=o060070070021|Strong=3091 4 אֲהָ֣הּ אֲהָהּ INTJ _ _ 11 discourse _ Gloss=alas!|Ref=JOS_7:7!3|MId=o060070070031|Strong=0162|Type=interjection 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=JOS_7:7!3 6-7 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 dislocated _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=JOS_7:7!4|MId=o060070070041|Strong=0136 7 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOS_7:7!4|MId=o060070070042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8 יְהוִ֗ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 6 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_7:7!5|MId=o060070070051|Strong=3069 9-10 לָ֠מָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לָ֠ לָמָה ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_7:7!6|MId=o060070070061|Strong=3807a 10 מָה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 11 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JOS_7:7!6|MId=o060070070062|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 11 הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=have.you.brought.over|Ref=JOS_7:7!7|MId=o060070070071|Strong=5674|Frame=AA:060070070041;A0:060070070102;|Type=qatal 12 הַעֲבִ֜יר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 11 obl:npmod _ Gloss=at.all.(brought.over)|Ref=JOS_7:7!8|MId=o060070070081|Strong=5674|Type=infinitive_absolute 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_7:7!9|MId=o060070070091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָעָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_7:7!10|MId=o060070070101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עָ֤ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_7:7!10|MId=o060070070102|Strong=5971 16-17 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_7:7!11|MId=o060070070111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 15 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_7:7!11|MId=o060070070112|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_7:7!12|MId=o060070070121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_7:7!13|MId=o060070070131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יַּרְדֵּ֔ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JOS_7:7!13|MId=o060070070132|Strong=3383 21-22 לָתֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:7!14|MId=o060070070141|Strong=3807a 22 תֵ֥ת נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=give|Ref=JOS_7:7!14|MId=o060070070142|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060070070041;A1:060070070152;|Type=infinitive_construct 23-24 אֹתָ֛נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_7:7!15|MId=o060070070151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 24 ָ֛נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_7:7!15|MId=o060070070152|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25-26 בְּיַ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_7:7!16|MId=o060070070161|Strong=0871a 26 יַ֥ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JOS_7:7!16|MId=o060070070162|Strong=3027 27-28 הָאֱמֹרִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_7:7!17|MId=o060070070171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֱמֹרִ֖י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_7:7!17|MId=o060070070172|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 29-31 לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_7:7!18|MId=o060070070181|Strong=3807a 30 הַאֲבִיד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 22 xcomp _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=JOS_7:7!18|MId=o060070070182|Strong=0006|Frame=AA:060070070041;A0:060070070183;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 ֵ֑נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_7:7!18|MId=o060070070183|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 32-33 וְלוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:7!19|MId=o060070070191|Strong=2050b 33 לוּ֙ לוּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=if|Ref=JOS_7:7!19|MId=o060070070192|Strong=3863 34 הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ יָאַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=1 11 conj _ Gloss=we.had.been.willing|Ref=JOS_7:7!20|MId=o060070070201|Strong=2974|Frame=A0:060070070021;060070070102;|Type=qatal 35-36 וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_7:7!21|MId=o060070070211|Strong=2050b 36 נֵּ֔שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 34 conj _ Gloss=we.had.remained|Ref=JOS_7:7!21|MId=o060070070212|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060070070021;060070070102;|Type=wayyiqtol 37-38 בְּעֵ֖בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_7:7!22|MId=o060070070221|Strong=0871a 38 עֵ֖בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_7:7!22|MId=o060070070222|Strong=5676 39-40 הַיַּרְדֵּֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_7:7!23|MId=o060070070231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 יַּרְדֵּֽן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_7:7!23|MId=o060070070232|Strong=3383 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_7:7!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | הֵעֲבַרְתָּ *have you brought over* | qatal · hiphil | עָם *people* | | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | תֵת *give* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | ָנוּ *us* | | | | הַאֲבִיד *destroy* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ֵנוּ *us* | | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | הוֹאַלְנוּ *we had been willing* | qatal · hiphil | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + עָם *people* | | | | | נֵּשֶׁב *we had remained* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ קַבֵּיל בָּעוּתִי יְיָ אֱלֹהִים לְמָא אַעֲבַרְתָּא אַעֲבָרָא יַת עַמָא הָדֵין יַת יַרְדְנָא לְמִמְסַר יָתָנָא בִּידָא דֶאֱמוֹרָאָה לְאוֹבָדוּתָנָא וּלְוַי פוֹן דִשְׁרֵינָא וִיתֵיבְנָא בְּעִבְרָא דְיַרְדֵנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and dwelt beyond the Jordan!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.134/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:131`. - ← previous: [Joshua 7:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.6/) - next →: [Joshua 7:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.8/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/7/)