--- title: Joshua 8:13 — So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale. Who acts: people, host, rear, Joshua. Joshua 8:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / 8:13 # Joshua 8:13 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** people, host, rear, Joshua · **What happens:** set, be, lie, go · **To what, where:** people, array, north, wait, midst This is Joshua 8:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, host, rear, Joshua — and what happens in the verse to people, array, north, wait, midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־עֲקֵב֖וֹ מִיָּ֣ם לָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעֵֽמֶק׃ [So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.168/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:163 # text = וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־עֲקֵב֖וֹ מִיָּ֣ם לָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעֵֽמֶק׃ # verse = JOS.8.13 1-2 וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:13!1|MId=o060080130011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּשִׂ֨ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.set|Ref=JOS_8:13!1|MId=o060080130012|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:060080100021;060080100092;A1:060080130022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָעָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:13!2|MId=o060080130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָ֜ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_8:13!2|MId=o060080130022|Strong=5971 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_8:13!3|MId=o060080130031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_8:13!4|MId=o060080130041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:13!5|MId=o060080130051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מַּחֲנֶ֗ה מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=camp|Ref=JOS_8:13!5|MId=o060080130052|Strong=4264 9 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_8:13!6|MId=o060080130061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10-11 מִצְּפ֣וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[was].from.[the]|Ref=JOS_8:13!7|MId=o060080130071|Strong=4480 11 צְּפ֣וֹן צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=north|Ref=JOS_8:13!7|MId=o060080130072|Strong=6828 12-14 לָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_8:13!8|MId=o060080130081|Strong=3807a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:13!8|MId=o060080130081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:13!8|MId=o060080130082|Strong=5892 15-16 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:13!9|MId=o060080130091|Strong=2050b 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_8:13!9|MId=o060080130092|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 17-18 עֲקֵב֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עֲקֵב עָקֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=rearguard|Ref=JOS_8:13!10|MId=o060080130101|Strong=6119 18 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_8:13!10|MId=o060080130102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 מִיָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_8:13!11|MId=o060080130111|Strong=4480 20 יָּ֣ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nmod _ Gloss=west|Ref=JOS_8:13!11|MId=o060080130112|Strong=3220 21-23 לָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_8:13!12|MId=o060080130121|Strong=3807a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:13!12|MId=o060080130121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nmod _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:13!12|MId=o060080130122|Strong=5892 24-25 וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:13!13|MId=o060080130131|Strong=2050b 25 יֵּ֧לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=JOS_8:13!13|MId=o060080130132|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060080130141;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_8:13!14|MId=o060080130141|Strong=3091 27-29 בַּלַּ֥יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_8:13!15|MId=o060080130151|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:13!15|MId=o060080130151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 לַּ֥יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=JOS_8:13!15|MId=o060080130152|Strong=3915 30-31 הַה֖וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:13!16|MId=o060080130161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_8:13!16|MId=o060080130162|Strong=1931|Type=personal 32-33 בְּת֥וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_8:13!17|MId=o060080130171|Strong=0871a 33 ת֥וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_8:13!17|MId=o060080130172|Strong=8432 34-35 הָעֵֽמֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_8:13!18|MId=o060080130181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עֵֽמֶק עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=JOS_8:13!18|MId=o060080130182|Strong=6010 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:13!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they set* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עָם *people* | | | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְשַׁוִיאוּ עַמָא יַת כָּל מַשְׁרִיתָא דְמִצִפוּנָא לְקַרְתָּא וְיַת כְּמָנֵיהּ מַעֲרַב לְקַרְתָּא וַאֲזַל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּלֵילְיָא הַהוּא בְּגוֹ מֵישְׁרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.168/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:163`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.12/) - next →: [Joshua 8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.14/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/)