--- title: Joshua 8:19 — And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand, and entered into the city, and took it; and they hastened and set the city on fire. Who acts: ambush, men. Joshua 8:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / 8:19 # Joshua 8:19 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** ambush, men · **What happens:** arise, run, stretch out, enter, take, hasten · **To what, where:** place, hand, city, fire This is Joshua 8:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ambush, men — and what happens in the verse to place, hand, city, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָאוֹרֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ כִּנְט֣וֹת יָד֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָעִ֖יר וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ [And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand, and entered into the city, and took it; and they hastened and set the city on fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.174/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:169 # text = וְהָאוֹרֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ כִּנְט֣וֹת יָד֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָעִ֖יר וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ # verse = JOS.8.19 1-3 וְהָאוֹרֵ֡ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:19!1|MId=o060080190011|Strong=2050b 2 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:19!1|MId=o060080190012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 אוֹרֵ֡ב אָרַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=ambush|Ref=JOS_8:19!1|MId=o060080190013|Strong=0693|Type=participle_active 4 קָם֩ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.arose|Ref=JOS_8:19!2|MId=o060080190021|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:060080190013;|Type=qatal 5 מְהֵרָ֨ה מְהֵרָה ADV _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 advmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=JOS_8:19!3|MId=o060080190031|Strong=4120 6-8 מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_8:19!4|MId=o060080190041|Strong=4480 7 מְּקוֹמ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=place|Ref=JOS_8:19!4|MId=o060080190042|Strong=4725 8 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_8:19!4|MId=o060080190043|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:19!5|MId=o060080190051|Strong=2050b 10 יָּר֙וּצוּ֙ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.ran|Ref=JOS_8:19!5|MId=o060080190052|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:060080190013;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 כִּנְט֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_8:19!6|MId=o060080190061|Strong=3509a 12 נְט֣וֹת נָטָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=as.stretched.out|Ref=JOS_8:19!6|MId=o060080190062|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:060080180151;A1:060080190071;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-14 יָד֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JOS_8:19!7|MId=o060080190071|Strong=3027 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_8:19!7|MId=o060080190072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:19!8|MId=o060080190081|Strong=2050b 16 יָּבֹ֥אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JOS_8:19!8|MId=o060080190082|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060080190013;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 הָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:19!9|MId=o060080190091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:19!9|MId=o060080190092|Strong=5892 19-21 וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:19!10|MId=o060080190101|Strong=2050b 20 יִּלְכְּד֑וּ לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_8:19!10|MId=o060080190102|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:060080190013;A1:060080190103;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=captured.it|Ref=JOS_8:19!10|MId=o060080190103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:19!11|MId=o060080190111|Strong=2050b 23 יְמַהֲר֔וּ מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.hurried|Ref=JOS_8:19!11|MId=o060080190112|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:060080190013;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-25 וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:19!12|MId=o060080190121|Strong=2050b 25 יַּצִּ֥יתוּ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.set.on.fire|Ref=JOS_8:19!12|MId=o060080190122|Strong=3341|Frame=AA:060080190013;A0:060080190142;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_8:19!13|MId=o060080190131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:19!14|MId=o060080190141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:19!14|MId=o060080190142|Strong=5892 29-31 בָּאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_8:19!15|MId=o060080190151|Strong=0871a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:19!15|MId=o060080190151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=JOS_8:19!15|MId=o060080190152|Strong=0784 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:19!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָם *it arose* | qatal · qal | אוֹרֵב *ambush* | | | | | יָּרוּצוּ *they ran* | wayyiqtol · qal | אוֹרֵב *ambush* | | | | | נְטוֹת *as stretched out* | infinitive construct · qal | | יָד *hand* | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אוֹרֵב *ambush* | | | | | יִּלְכְּדוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | אוֹרֵב *ambush* | הָ *captured it* | | | | יְמַהֲרוּ *they hurried* | wayyiqtol · piel | אוֹרֵב *ambush* | | | | | יַּצִּיתוּ *they set on fire* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עִיר *city* | | | אוֹרֵב *ambush* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְמָנָא קָם בִּפְרִיעַ מֵאַתְרֵיהּ וּרְהָטוּ כִּדְאָרֵים יְדֵיהּ וְעָלוּ לְקַרְתָּא וְכַבְּשׁוּהָ וְאוֹחִיאוּ וְאַדְלִיקוּ יַת קַרְתָּא בְּנוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand, and entered into the city, and took it; and they hastened and set the city on fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.174/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:169`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.18/) - next →: [Joshua 8:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.20/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/)