--- title: Joshua 8:24 — And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / 8:24 # Joshua 8:24 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** other, Israel, end, men, edge · **What happens:** come, pass, make, slay, pursue, fall · **To what, where:** end, inhabitants, field, men, other This is Joshua 8:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — other, Israel, end, men, edge — and what happens in the verse to end, inhabitants, field, men, other, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ [And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.179/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:174 # text = וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ # verse = JOS.8.24 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:24!1|MId=o060080240011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_8:24!1|MId=o060080240012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כְּכַלּ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_8:24!2|MId=o060080240021|Strong=3509a 4 כַלּ֣וֹת כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.had.finished|Ref=JOS_8:24!2|MId=o060080240022|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:060080240031;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_8:24!3|MId=o060080240031|Strong=3478 6-7 לַהֲרֹג֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_8:24!4|MId=o060080240041|Strong=3807a 7 הֲרֹג֩ הָרַג VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 4 xcomp _ Gloss=kill|Ref=JOS_8:24!4|MId=o060080240042|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:060080240031;A1:060080240071;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_8:24!5|MId=o060080240051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_8:24!6|MId=o060080240061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10 יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=JOS_8:24!7|MId=o060080240071|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 11-12 הָעַ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_8:24!8|MId=o060080240081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עַ֜י עַי PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_8:24!8|MId=o060080240082|Strong=5857 13-15 בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_8:24!9|MId=o060080240091|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the.open|Ref=JOS_8:24!9|MId=o060080240091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 שָּׂדֶ֗ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=JOS_8:24!9|MId=o060080240092|Strong=7704 16-18 בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_8:24!10|MId=o060080240101|Strong=0871a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:24!10|MId=o060080240101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מִּדְבָּר֙ מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=JOS_8:24!10|MId=o060080240102|Strong=4057 19 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_8:24!11|MId=o060080240111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 20-21 רְדָפ֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 רְדָפ֣וּ רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_8:24!12|MId=o060080240121|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:060080240071;A1:060080240122;|Type=qatal 21 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=had.pursued.them|Ref=JOS_8:24!12|MId=o060080240122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22-23 בּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_8:24!13|MId=o060080240131|Strong=0871a 23 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_8:24!13|MId=o060080240132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:24!14|MId=o060080240141|Strong=2050b 25 יִּפְּל֥וּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.had.fallen|Ref=JOS_8:24!14|MId=o060080240142|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:060080240152;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-27 כֻלָּ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 כֻלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=JOS_8:24!15|MId=o060080240151|Strong=3605 27 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_8:24!15|MId=o060080240152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-29 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_8:24!16|MId=o060080240161|Strong=3807a 29 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=JOS_8:24!16|MId=o060080240162|Strong=6310 30 חֶ֖רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JOS_8:24!17|MId=o060080240171|Strong=2719 31 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_8:24!18|MId=o060080240181|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 תֻּמָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 תֻּמּ תָּמַם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_8:24!19|MId=o060080240191|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:060080240192;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ Gloss=were.finished|Ref=JOS_8:24!19|MId=o060080240192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34-35 וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:24!20|MId=o060080240201|Strong=2050b 35 יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=JOS_8:24!20|MId=o060080240202|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:060080240221;|Type=wayyiqtol 36 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_8:24!21|MId=o060080240211|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 37 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_8:24!22|MId=o060080240221|Strong=3478 38-39 הָעַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:24!23|MId=o060080240231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 עַ֔י עַי PROPN _ _ 35 obl _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_8:24!23|MId=o060080240232|Strong=5857 40-41 וַיַּכּ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:24!24|MId=o060080240241|Strong=2050b 41 יַּכּ֥וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.struck.down|Ref=JOS_8:24!24|MId=o060080240242|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060080240221;A0:060080240252;|Type=wayyiqtol 42-43 אֹתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_8:24!25|MId=o060080240251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 43 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_8:24!25|MId=o060080240252|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 44-45 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_8:24!26|MId=o060080240261|Strong=3807a 45 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=JOS_8:24!26|MId=o060080240262|Strong=6310 46 חָֽרֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JOS_8:24!27|MId=o060080240271|Strong=2719|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:24!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כַלּוֹת *as had finished* | infinitive construct · piel | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | הֲרֹג *kill* | infinitive construct · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | רְדָפוּ *they* | qatal · qal | יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | ם *had pursued them* | | | | יִּפְּלוּ *they had fallen* | wayyiqtol · qal | ָם *all* | | | | | תֻּמּ *they* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *were finished* | | | | | יָּשֻׁבוּ *they returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יַּכּוּ *they struck down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ָהּ *it* | | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שֵׁיצֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְקַטָלָא יַת כָּל יַתְבֵי עַי בְּחַקְלָא בְּמַדְבְּרָא דִי רְדָפוּנוּן בֵּיהּ וְאִתְקְטָלוּ כּוּלְהוֹן לְפִתְגַם דְחָרֶב עַד דִשְׁלִימוּ וְתָבוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעַי וּמְחוֹ יָתָהּ לְפִתְגַם דְחָרֶב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.179/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:174`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.23/) - next →: [Joshua 8:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.25/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/)